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Flashcards in Heart Failure Deck (18)
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1
Q

clinical manifestations associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction - forward

A
  • fatigue
  • oliguria
  • increased heart rate
  • faint pulses
  • restlessness
  • confusion
  • anxiety
2
Q

clinical manifestations associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction - backward

A
  • dyspnea on exertion
  • orthopnea
  • cough
  • postural nocturnal
  • cyanosis
  • basilar crackles
3
Q

clinical manifestations associated with right ventricular systolic dysfunction - forward

A
  • fatigue
  • oliguria
  • increased heart rate
  • faint pulses
  • restlessness
  • confusion
  • anxiety
4
Q

clinical manifestations associated with right ventricular systolic dysfunction - backward

A
  • hepatomegaly
  • ascites
  • splenomegaly
  • anorexia
  • subcutaneous (peripheral) edema
  • jugular venous distention
5
Q

factors decreasing preload

A
  • hypovolemia
  • excessive vasodilation
  • increased intrathoracic pressure
  • cardiac tamponade
  • RV infarction, failure
  • tachyarrhythmias
  • loss of atrial “kick”
6
Q

factors increasing preload

A
  • heart failure
  • hypervolemia
  • bradydysrhythmias
7
Q

factors decreasing afterload

A
  • hypotension
  • vasodilation
  • drug effects
8
Q

factors increasing afterload

A
  • vasoconstriction from SNS stimulation
  • hypertension
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • hypercoagulability
  • aortic valve stenosis
9
Q

factors decreasing contractibility

A
  • myocardial ischemia or infarction
  • cardiomyopathy
  • hypoxemia
  • acidosis
  • drug effects
10
Q

factors increasing contractibility

A
  • SNS stimulation

- sympathomimetic drugs

11
Q

blood colloid osmotic pressure

A
  • albumin trying to keep blood in capillaries

- works against interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

12
Q

interstitial fluid osmotic pressure

A
  • tends to move fluid out of the capillaries via large plasma proteins (albumin)
  • works in opposition to the blood hydrostatic pressure
13
Q

blood hydrostatic pressure

A

attempts to force fluid outward through the capillary

14
Q

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

A

attempts to force fluid from the interstitial space into the capillaries

15
Q

lymphatic obstructive

A

produces lymphedema

16
Q

causes of lymphedema

A

filariasis or breast (inflammatory carcinoma)

17
Q

BNP

A

elevated in heart failure

18
Q

causes of heart failure

A
  • coronary artery disease
  • idiopathic cardiomyopathy
  • metabolic causes
  • drugs and toxins