Hematopoesis Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Erythroblasts develop into?

A

Erythrocytes

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2
Q

Myeloblasts develop into?

A

Granulocyte

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3
Q

Momoblasts develop into?

A

Monocyte

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4
Q

Lymphoblasts develop into?

A

Lymphocyte

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5
Q

Megakaryoblasts develop into?

A

Megakaryocytes, then thombocytes.

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6
Q

Growth Factor

A

A protein capable of stimulating cellular proliferation and differentiation.
- Cytokines and hormones

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7
Q

Cytokines are historically associated with _____ cells and ______ _____ Cells.

A

Hematopoetic Cells and IMmune System Cells

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8
Q

All blood cells differentiate from?

A

Pluripotent hematopoetic stem cells.

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9
Q

SCF

A

Stem cell factor

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10
Q

Tpo

A

Thrombopoetin.

Myeloid progenitor cells differentiate to megakaryocytes.

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11
Q

IL

A

Interleukin

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12
Q

GM-CSF

A

Involved in almost everything
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor
Cytokine that functions as white blood cell growth factor.
Can be used as medication to increase WBC’s post-chemo.

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13
Q

Epo

A

Erythropoetin
Regulates maturation from a myeloid progenitor cell (erythroid precursor) to become an erythrocyte.
Produced in kidney

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14
Q

When does hematopoesis begin in the embryo?

A

The 5th week.

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15
Q

Three major types of blood cells

A
Erythrocytes (RBC's)
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Leukocytes (WBC's)
 - Myeloid (non-lymphocyte)
 - Lymphocytes
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16
Q

Where is Epo produced?

A

The medulla of the kidney.

Good oxygen sensing capacity.

17
Q

G-CSF

A

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor.
Involved in maturation and proliferation of granulocytes, neutrophils and stem cells
Stimulate production of leukocytes

18
Q

Monocytes mature into?

A

Macrophages

19
Q

Two components of blood

A

Formed elements and PLasma

20
Q

Formed Elements

A

RBC, WBC, platelets

21
Q

Plasma

A

Aqueous medium containing proteins, small molecules and ions.

22
Q

Granulocytes (3)

A

Basophil
Eosiophil
Neutrophil

23
Q

Agranulocytes (2)

A

Lymphocytes - B and T cells

Monocytes - Macrophages

24
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Small, biconcave, anucleated cells.
No mitochondria, No nucleus, No ribosomes.
4-6 million cells/uL
Circulates for 90 -180 days

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

Larger and less abundant.

4,000 - 10,000 cells/uL

26
Q

Neutrophils (PMN’s)

A

Phagocytic Granulocyte
2-5 lobes and fine chromatin threads
60-70% of leukocytes

27
Q

Eosinophils

A

Granulocyte
BIlobed nuclei and numerous large granules
Bright red orange
2-4% of leukocytes

28
Q

Basophils

A
Granulocyte
Irregular multi-bobulated nuclei and numerous blue granules.
<1% of leukocytes
Contain histamine and heparin
Allergy and stress
29
Q

Monocytes

A

Precursor of macrophages (when in tissue)

Large. Kidney-shaped nucleus

30
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20-30% of white cells
B and T cells
Smaller (similar to erythrocytes)
Spherical nucleus stains darkly, thin cytoplasm

31
Q

Platelets

A

Small, made from megakaryocytes
Second-most abundant to erythrocytes
150,000 - 450,000 cells/uL
Anucleate cell fragments