Heme/Lymph: Cancer Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Heme/Lymph: Cancer Deck (16)
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1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alkylating agents

A
  • Transfers alkyl group to DNA leading to DNA crossing over and stops replication
  • Arrest in the late G1 and early S phase
2
Q

What are the mechanism of resistance against alkylating agents

A
  • Increased glutathione

- Increased DNA repair mechanisms and enzymes

3
Q

What are the adverse effects of alkylating agents

A

Blistering at the site of administration

4
Q

What are the mechanisms of resistance of antimotabolites

A
  • Inhibition of metabolism of into active metabolites

- Decreased formation of poly glutamate metabolites by folly polyglutaate synthase

5
Q

What are the adverse effects of antimotabolites

A
  • N/V
  • GI toxicity
  • Hand Foot syndrome (painful erythema and swelling of the hands and feet)
6
Q

What are the adverse effects of vincristine

A

Neurotoxicity

7
Q

What is the adverse effect of topotecan and irnotecan

A

Diarrhea

8
Q

Which drug can cause the blue discoloration of the fingernails, sclera and urine

A

Anthracyclines particularly mitoxantrone

9
Q

Which antitumor antibiotics can cause pulmonary toxicity

A

Bleomycin

10
Q

What are the agents that are effected against ALL

A
  • 6-mercaptopurine (purine antagonist)
  • cyclophosphamide (bis amine)
  • vincristine (Disrupts microtubles)
  • Daunorubicin (inhibits topoisomerase 2)
11
Q

What is the prophylaxis treatment for ALL

A

-Vincristine + prednisone + 1 other agent

12
Q

What is the prophaliaxis treatment for CNS ALL

A

Methotrexate

13
Q

What is the treatment for AML

A

Combination of:

  • Cytarabine (most effective)
  • Anthracycline (preferred is idarubicin)
14
Q

What is the treatment for CML as the first line treatment

A

Imatinib

15
Q

Which drugs were initially approved for those resistant to the first line treatment but can now be used to treat chronic CML

A

Dasatinib and nilotinib

16
Q

What drug causes free radical cardiotoxicy

A

Doxorubicin