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Hematology/Oncology > Heme:Onc Path > Flashcards

Heme:Onc Path Flashcards

1
Q
  • Symptoms: Leukocoria, increased risk of osteosarcoma. Lab Values: *13q RB tumor supressor gene deletion. Pseudorosettes. * Pathophysiology: *Autosomal dominant. RB regulates G1 to S transition.
A

Retinoblastoma

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2
Q
  • Symptoms: Abdominal mass; myelopathy (spinal cord compression), treatment resistant diarrhea (VIP secretoin), Horner’s syndrome, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, ataxia hypertension. Lab Values: 1p N-myc oncogene amplification. HVA (a breakdown product of dopamine) in urine. Pseudorosettes. Bombesin positive. Pathophysiology: The most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children. Can occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain. Treatment: *Cyclophosphamide
A

Neuroblastoma

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3
Q
  • Symptoms: Granulomatous vasculitis with eosinophilia. Most often presents with ASTHMA, sinusitis, skin lesions, and peripheral neuropathy (e.g., wrist/foot drop, extreme pain); can also involve heart, GI, and kidneys.* Lab Values: 17p p53 tumor supressor gene deletion. Pathophysiology: *Autosomal dominant
A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

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4
Q
  • Symptoms: Breast and ovarian cancer Lab Values: 17q/13q tumor supressor gene deletion. Pathophysiology: *Autosomal dominant
A

BRCA1/2

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5
Q
  • Symptoms: Colon becomes covered with adenomatous polyps after puberty. Progresses to colon cancer unless resected. Associated with osteomas. Lab Values: 5q APC tumor supressor deletion. Pathophysiology: Autosomal dominant Treatment: *
A

Familial adenomatous polyposis

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6
Q
  • Symptoms: Female with menstural bleeding, uterine leiomyoma (fibroids). Male with GI bleed. Dysphagia, koilonychia (spoon fingernails). Lab Values: *Microcytic, hypochromatic. Decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, increased TIBC.
A

Iron deficiency anemia

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7
Q
  • Symptoms: Asians or Africans. 1-2 deletions asymptomatic. 3 deletions results in HbH disease. 4 deletions results in hydrops fetalis. Lab Values: Microcytic, hypochromatic. Target cells. Pathophysiology: *HbH = 4 beta chains; Hb Barts = 4 gamma chains
A

Alpha-thalassemia

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8
Q
  • Symptoms: Mediterraneans. Heterozygote asyptomatic. Homozygote has severe anemia. Bone marrow expansion leads to Chipmunk facies (skeleton deformities). Lab Values: Microcytic, hypochromatic. “Crew cut” appearance of skull on X-ray. Increased HbA2 and HbF. Target cells. Pathophysiology: Point mutations in splicing sites and promoter sequences. Repeat transfusions leads to secondary hemochromatosis. Treatment: *Transfusions
A

Beta-thalassemia

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9
Q
  • Symptoms: Microcytic anemia, GI and kidney disease. Mental deterioration in children and memory loss & demyelination in adults. Lab Values: Microcytic, hypochromatic. Basophilic stippling. Increased protoporphyrins. Pathophysiology: *Inhibits ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase leading to decreased heme synthesis.
A

Lead poisoning

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10
Q
  • Symptoms: Skin paleness, fatigue, dizziness and hepatosplenomegaly. Heart disease, liver damage and kidney failure can result from iron buildup. Lab Values: Microcytic, hypochromatic. Increased serum iron, normal TIBC, increased ferritin. Ringed sideroblasts (iron laden mitochondria). Pathophysiology: X-linked defect in delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase or due to lead/alcohol. Treatment: *Pyridoxine (B6) therapy
A

Sideroblastic anemia

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11
Q
  • Symptoms: Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis. Lab Values: *Macrocytic, hyperchromatic. Hypersegmented neutrophils, increased homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid.
A

Vitamin B9 (Folate) deficiency

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12
Q
  • Symptoms: Megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, subacute combined degeneration. Lab Values: Macrocytic, hyperchromatic. Hypersegmented neutrophils, increased homocysteine, increased methylmalonic acid. Pathophysiology: *Caused by Diphyllobothrium latum, Crohn’s disease, pernicious anemia, gastrectomy, malnutrition.
A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

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13
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: *Macrocytic, hyperchromatic. * Pathophysiology: *Caused by liver disease, alcoholism, reticulocytosis, metabolic disorder (orotic aciduria), 5-FU, AZT, hydroxyurea
A

Nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemia

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14
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: Normocytic, normochromatic. Decreased iron, decreased TIBC, increased ferritin (acute phase protein!) Pathophysiology: *Chronic inflammation elevates hepcidin leading to decreased iron release from macrophages.
A

Anemia of chronic disease

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15
Q
  • Symptoms: No hepatosplenomegaly. Pancytopenia characterized by severe anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia. Lab Values: Normal cell morphology, but hypocellular bone marrow with fatty infiltration. Pathophysiology: *Caused by radiation, drugs (chloramphenicol, benzene, alkylating agents), viruses (parvovirus B19, EBV, HIV), Fanconi’s anemia, acute hepatitis.
A

Aplastic anemia

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16
Q
  • Symptoms: Small round RBCs with no central pallor. Splenomegaly, aplastic crisis with B19. Lab Values: Normocytic, normochromatic. Increased MCHC, increased RDW. Positive osmotic fragility test. Pathophysiology: Defect in RBC membrane skeleton proteins (ankyrin, band 3.1, spectrin). Increased Howell-Jolly bodies after splenectomy. Treatment: *Splenectomy
A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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17
Q
  • Symptoms: Hemolytic anemia following oxidant stress (sulfas, infections, fava beans). Lab Values: Normocytic, normochromatic. Heinz bodies and bite cells. Pathophysiology: *X-linked recessive. Decreased gluthione synthesis.
A

G6PD deficiency

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18
Q
  • Symptoms: Hemolytic anemia in a newborn. Lab Values: Normocytic, normochromatic. Rigid RBCs due to decreased ATP. Pathophysiology: Autosomal recessive. Treatment: *
A

Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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19
Q
  • Symptoms: Newborns asymptomatic (due to HbF). Salmonella osteomyelitis, autosplenectomy, aplastic crisis (B19), avascular necrosis, resistance to malaria. Non-healing ulcers. Lab Values: Normocytic, normochromatic. “Crew cut” skull on x-ray due to bone marrow expansion. Decreased serum haptoglobin. Decreased ESR. Systolic ejection murmur at right 2nd intercostal space. Pathophysiology: Autosomal recessive. Misense mutation (substitution of normal glutamic acid with valine). Treatment: *Hydroxyurea
A

Sickle cell anemia

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20
Q
  • Symptoms: Mild sickle cell anemia when combined with HbS (HbS/C) Lab Values: *Normocytic, normochromatic.
A

HbC defect

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21
Q
  • Symptoms: Intravascular hemolysis (blood in morning void), hepatic vein thrombosis, abdominal pain. Lab Values: Ham’s (sucrose) test. Increased urine hemosiderin. Pathophysiology: *Complement-mediated hemolysis due to impaired synthesis of GPI anchor/decay-accelerating factor (CD55/CD59)
A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

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22
Q
  • Symptoms: Widespread activation of clotting leads to a deficiency in clotting factors, which creates a bleeding state. Lab Values: Schistocytes (helmet cells), increased LDH. Decreased PC and fibrinogen. Increased BT, PT, PTT, TT, d-dimers. Pathophysiology: Caused by sepsis, trauma, obstetric complications (placenta is rich in tissue factor), acute pancreatitis, malignancy, transfusion. Treatment: *Dialysis.
A

Diffuse intravascular clotting (DIC)

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23
Q
  • Symptoms: Microthrombosis, miroangiopathic hemolytic anemia, neurologic symptoms, renal symptoms, thrombocytopenia, fever. Lab Values: Decreased PC, increased BT. Normal PT, PTT, and TT. Pathophysiology: *Deficiency of ADAMTS 13 (vWF metalloprotease).
A

Thrombotic thromocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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24
Q
  • Symptoms: Ingestion of raw meat followed by bloody diarrhea. Renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, microthrombosis, less pronounced neurological symptoms. Lab Values: Schistocytes (helmet cells), increased LDH. Decreased PC, increases BT. Normal PT, PTT, and TT. Pathophysiology: *O157:H7 (enterohemorrhagic) E. coli.
A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

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25
Q
  • Symptoms: Epistaxis, petechia, purpura. Lab Values: Decreased PC, increased BT. Normal PT, PTT, and TT. Pathophysiology: *Defect in Gp1b
A

Bernard-Soulier disease

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26
Q
  • Symptoms: Epistaxis, petechia, purpura. Lab Values: Normal PC, increased BT. Normal PT, PTT, and TT. Pathophysiology: Defect in GpIIb/IIIa Treatment: *
A

Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia

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27
Q
  • Symptoms: Epistaxis, petechia, purpura following an acute viral infection. Lab Values: Megakaryocytosis. Deceased PC, increased BT. Normal PT, PTT, and TT. Pathophysiology: *Autoimmune; anti-GpIIb/IIIa antibodies leading to platelet destruction.
A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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28
Q
  • Symptoms: Hemarthrosis, bleeding on circumcision, epistaxis, bleeding on cutting teeth. Lab Values: Normal PC. Increased PTT. Normal BT, PT, TT. Pathophysiology: *Deficiency of Factor VIII. X-linked recessive.
A

Hemophilia A

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29
Q
  • Symptoms: Hemarthrosis, bleeding on circumcision, epistaxis, bleeding on cutting teeth. Lab Values: Normal PC. Increased PTT. Normal BT, PT, TT. Pathophysiology: *Deficiency of Factor IX. X-linked recessive.
A

Hemophilia B

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30
Q
  • Symptoms: Neonate with hemorrhage, warfarin use, or following broad-spectrum antibiotics in adult. Lab Values: Decreased factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, and protein S. Increased PT, PTT. Normal BT Pathophysiology: *Neonates have sterile intestines and are unable to synthesize vitamin K.
A

Vitamin K deficiency

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31
Q
  • Symptoms: Mild. Epistaxis, bleeding following dental procedures. Most common bleeding disorder. Lab Values: Increased PTT (due to decreased factor VIII), increased BT. Normal PT, TT, PC. Failure to aggregate with ristocetin. Pathophysiology: Autosomal dominant. Treatment: *Desmopressin (DDAVP).
A

von Willebrand’s disease

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32
Q
  • Symptoms: Kidney failure Lab Values: *Increased BT. Normal PT, PTT, TT, PC.
A

Uremia

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33
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagulability leading to DVTs and pulmonary embolism. Lab Values: Low PTT that is not corrected with addition of Protein C Pathophysiology: *Mutated factor V is resistant to degradation by protein C.
A

Factor V Leiden

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34
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagulability leading to DVTs and pulmonary embolism. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: *Gene mutation in prothrombin 20210A, leading to increased gene expression of prothrombin.
A

Prothrombin gene mutation

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35
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagulability leading to DVTs and pulmonary embolism. Lab Values: Reduced increase in PTT after administration of heparin. Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Antithrombin III deficiency

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36
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagulability leading to DVTs and pulmonary embolism. Hemorrhagic skin necrosis following administration of warfarin. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: *Decreased inactivation of Va and VIIIa.
A

Protein C or S deficiency

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37
Q
  • Symptoms: Neonatal hemolysis due to Rh or other blood group incompatiblity; mother’s antibodies attack fetal RBCs. Lab Values: *Combs positive
A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

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38
Q
  • Symptoms: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Lab Values: Combs positive Pathophysiology: *IgG antibodies. Due to SLE, CLL, or methyldopa
A

Warm aggultinins

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39
Q
  • Symptoms: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Lab Values: Combs positive Pathophysiology: *IgM antibodies. Due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis (CMV, EBV).
A

Cold agglutinins

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40
Q
  • Symptoms: Thromobocytopenia, hypercoagulability following heparin administration. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: *Autoimmune disease. Antibodies to platelet factor IV-heparin complex.
A

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

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41
Q
  • Symptoms: Excellent prognosis. Localized, contiguous lymph node group. Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Lab Values: *Collagen banding with lacunar cells. CD15+, CD30+.
A

Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma

42
Q
  • Symptoms: Intermediate prognosis. Localized, contiguous lymph node group. Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Lab Values: *Reed-Sternberg cells (CD15+, CD30+). EBV infection.
A

Mixed cellularity Hodgkin’s lymphoma

43
Q
  • Symptoms: Excellent prognosis. Localized, contiguous lymph node group. Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Lab Values: *Reed-Sternberg cells (CD15-, CD30-, CD45+)
A

Lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma

44
Q
  • Symptoms: Poor prognosis. Localized, contiguous lymph node group. Fever, night sweats, weight loss. Lab Values: *Reed-Sternberg cells (CD15+, CD30+). EBV infection.
A

Lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin’s lymphoma

45
Q
  • Symptoms: Young child with mandibular or abdomen mass. Lab Values: *t(8:14), CD10+, C19+, CD20+. Starry sky appearance. EBV association. C-myc and heavy-chain Ig
A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

46
Q
  • Symptoms: Older adults. Most common adult NHL. Lab Values: *Large anaplastic B-cells. CD10+, C19+, CD20+, bcl-6.
A

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

47
Q
  • Symptoms: Older males. Lab Values: *t(11:14), CD5+, CD23-.
A

Mantle cell lymphoma

48
Q
  • Symptoms: Adults. Lab Values: *t(14:18), bcl-2. CD10+, C19+, CD20+.
A

Follicular lymphoma

49
Q
  • Symptoms: Associated with chronic inflammatory disease, peptic ulcer disease (H. pylori). Lab Values: CD10+, C19+, CD20+. Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *Bismuth, metronidazole, ampicillin.
A

Marginal zone lymphoma

50
Q
  • Symptoms: Adults in Japan and Carribean. Cutaneous lesions/rash, lymphadenopathy, and lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia. Aggressive. Lab Values: HTLV-1 association. CD3+,CD5+,CD4+. Pathophysiology: *Malignancy of helper T-cells.
A

Adult T-cell lymphoma

51
Q
  • Symptoms: Adults. Cutaneous patches and nodules. Indolent. Lab Values: CD3+,CD4+,CD5+ Pathophysiology: *Malignancy of helper T-cells.
A

Mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome

52
Q
  • Symptoms: Back pain, lytic bone lesions, primary amyloidosis, anemia, increased infection susceptibility, renal failure. Lab Values: Hypercalcemia, monoclonal IgG spike (kappa light chain), rouleaux formations. “Punched-out” appearance of skull. Bence-Jones protein. Pathophysiology: *Plasma cell neoplasm.
A

Multiple myeloma

53
Q
  • Symptoms: Hyperviscosity syndrome, no lytic bone lesions. Lab Values: Monoclonal IgM spike.
A

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma)

54
Q
  • Symptoms: Asymptomatic. Lab Values: *Monoclonal IgG spike.
A

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

55
Q
  • Symptoms: *
A

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

56
Q
  • Symptoms: >60. #1 cause of non-tender lymphadenopathy. Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. More peripheral lymphocytosis than SLL. Increased risk of infections. Lab Values: *Smudge cells. CD5+, CD23+, CD10+, CD19+, CD20+.
A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

57
Q
  • Symptoms: >60. Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Increased risk of infections. Lab Values: *Smudge cells. CD5+, CD23+, CD10+, CD19+, CD20+
A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

58
Q
  • Symptoms: Elderly. Increased risk of infections. Lab Values: *Hair like extensions. TRAP positive (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase). CD19+, CD20+.
A

Hairy cell leukemia

59
Q
  • Symptoms: 60. Increased DIC risk. Increased risk of infections. Lab Values: Auer rods. M1 t(9:22), M2 t(8:21), M3 t(15:17), M4 inv(16). CD13+, CD33+, MPO+. 20%+ blasts on peripheral smear. Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *All-trans retinoic acid for M3 variant.
A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

60
Q
  • Symptoms: 30-60. Increased risk of infections. Splenomegaly. Lab Values: t(9:22), CD13+, CD33+, MPO+, Philadelphia chromosome; ABL-BCR tyrosine kinase. Low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase. Pathophysiology: May progress into a blast crisis (AML). Treatment: *Imatinib
A

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

61
Q
  • Symptoms: Seborrhea, eosinophilia, lytic skull lesions, diabetes insipidus. Lab Values: Birbeck granules (tennis racket), CD-1a, S-100 Pathophysiology: Monocyte (dendritic cell) neoplasm. Treatment: *
A

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

62
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: *Decrease plasma volume, normal RBC mass and O2 saturation.
A

Relative polycythemia

63
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: Normal plasma volume, increased RBC mass, decreased O2 saturation. Pathophysiology: *Associated with lung disease, congenital heart disease, high altitude.
A

Appropriate absolute polycythemia

64
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: Normal plasma volume, increased RBC mass, normal O2 saturation. Pathophysiology: *Renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, hemangioblastoma, Wilm’s tumor, cyst, hepatocellular carcinoma, hydronephrosis. Due to ectopic erythropoietin.
A

Inappropriate absolute polycythemia

65
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypertension, headache, cyanosis, thrombosis. Pruritus following a hot shower because of histamine release from basophils. Lab Values: *JAK2 mutation. Low erythropoietin. Elevated hematocrit (~60%), elevated hemoglobin (~20g/dL). Decreased ESR. Increased plasma volume, increased RBC mass, normal O2 saturation.
A

Polycythemia vera

66
Q
  • Symptoms: Asymptomatic. Lab Values: JAK2 mutation. 800,000-1,000,000+ PC. Megakaryocytosis. Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Essential thrombocytosis

67
Q
  • Symptoms: Increased infection risk. Caused by either bone marrow burn out or metastatic carcinoma. Lab Values: Teardrop cells. JAK2 mutation. Leukoerythroblastosis (nucleated RBCs). Fibrotic obliteration of bone marrow. Pathophysiology: *May progress into a blast crisis (AML).
A

Myelofibrosis, myelophthisic anemia

68
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: *Sideroblasts, hyposegemented neutrophils. Pancytopenia, atypical leukocytes.
A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

69
Q
  • Symptoms: *Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia. Leads to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

70
Q
  • Symptoms: Infection Lab Values: *Looks like CML except that it has a HIGH leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level
A

Leukemoid reaction

71
Q
  • Symptoms: *Thymoma, leukemias
A

Pure red cell aplasia (erythrocytopenia)

72
Q
  • Symptoms: Associated with EBV infection
A

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

73
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagulation, miscarriages. Associated with SLE. Lab Values: *Elevated PTT despite the addition of clotting factors. False positive VLDR.
A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

74
Q
  • Symptoms: *Cutaneous necrosis associated with Pseudomonas speticemia. Usually a neutropenic or burn patient.
A

Ecthyma gangrenosum

75
Q
  • Symptoms: *Hepatocellular carcinoma
A

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus)

76
Q
  • Symptoms: *Centrilobular necrosis of liver, fatty change.
A

CCL4

77
Q
  • Symptoms: *Gastric cancer; seen in smoked foods.
A

Nitrosamines

78
Q
  • Symptoms: Bronchogenic carcinoma. Requires CYP-450 activation in liver. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Benzopyrene

79
Q
  • Symptoms: Bronchogenic carcinoma&raquo_space;> malignant mesothelioma Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Absestos

80
Q
  • Symptoms: *Bronchogenic carcinoma
A

Chromium and nickle

81
Q
  • Symptoms: Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lung, angiosarcoma of the liver
A

Arsenic

82
Q
  • Symptoms: *Angiosarcoma of liver
A

Vinyl chloride

83
Q
  • Symptoms: *Hepatocellular carcinoma
A

Aromatic amines and azo dyes

84
Q
  • Symptoms: *Leukemia, lymphoma
A

Alkylating agents

85
Q
  • Symptoms: *Leukemia
A

Benzene

86
Q
  • Symptoms: Transitional cell carcionma
A

Napthylamine

87
Q
  • Symptoms: *Superficial vascular proliferation due to Bartonella henselae infection in HIV patients.
A

Bacillary angiomatosis

88
Q
  • Symptoms: Micronodular cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, and skin pigmentation; “bronze diabetes.” Results in congestive heart failure and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Lab Values: Increased serum iron, decreased transferrin/TIBC, increased ferritin, greatly increaseed % transferrin saturation. HLA-A3. Pathophysiology: Autosomal recessive (primary) or secondary to chronic transfusion therapy. Deposition of hemosiderin in the periphery. Treatment: *Deferoxamine, phelbotomy.
A

Hemochromatosis

89
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: Prolonged PT and PTT. Normal BT and PC. Pathophysiology: Factor X deficiency. Treatment: *
A

Amyloid purpura

90
Q
  • Symptoms: Squamous cell carcinoma (larynx/lung), small cell carcinoma (lung), renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma (bladder). Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Cigarette smoke

91
Q
  • Symptoms: Acute onset left-sided abdominal pain, pallor, hypotension, tachycardia, shortness of breath. Lab Values: Anemic, low PC, low hematocrit. Pathophysiology: ** Treatment: *
A

Splenic sequestration

92
Q
  • Symptoms: ** Lab Values: Low C4 and C3. Pathophysiology: Deficiency in C1 esterase inhibitor. Treatment: *Danazol.
A

Hereditary angioedema

93
Q
  • Symptoms: Fibrin deposits along mitral valve. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: Associated with patients who have cancer; cachexia, wasting diseases. Treatment: *
A

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (marantic)

94
Q
  • Symptoms: Unilateral limb swelling, warmth, erythema; tends to be leg (iliac, femoral, popliteal). Lab Values: Homan sign (increased resistance to passive dorsiflexion of the ankle). Detected by doppler “duplex” ultrasound. Pathophysiology: May become a pulmonary embolus or can go to the brain if an ASD/VSD is present. Treatment: *
A

Deep venous thrombosis

95
Q
  • Symptoms: Hypercoagluable state. Acrocyanosis, retinal hemorrhage, Raynaud’s phenomenon with digital ulceration, livedo reticularis, purpura, arthralgia (PIP, MCP). Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: Associated with Hepatitis C or chronic inflammatory states (SLE, RA). Can cause RPGN and MPGN. Treatment: *
A

Cryoglobulinemia

96
Q
  • Symptoms: Thrombocytopenia (or low hematocrit) due to overactive spleen in an alcoholic. Lab Values: Low PC, high BT. Pathophysiology: Portal hypetension due to hepatic cirrhosis leads to congestion in the spleen. This results in overactivity and sequestration of platelets and RBCs. Treatment: *
A

Hypersplenism

97
Q
  • Symptoms: Multiple aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: Immune complex vasculitis associated with viral infections. Treatment: *
A

Behcet’s syndrome

98
Q
  • Symptoms: *Infant (
A

Letterer-Siwe disease

99
Q
  • Symptoms: Pathological bone fracture in an adolescent; no skin involvement. Lab Values: Langerhans cells with eosinophils. Pathophysiology: Benign proliferation of histiocytes. Treatment: *
A

Eosinophilic granuloma

100
Q
  • Symptoms: Child (>3 y/o) with diabetes insipidus, exopthalmos, lytic skull defets, scalp rash. Lab Values: ** Pathophysiology: Malignant proliferation of histocytes. Treatment: *
A

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease

101
Q
  • Symptoms: Symptoms of DIC without elevated D-dimers Lab Values: Elevated PT/PTT/BT, decreased PC, with NORMAL D-DIMERS**.* Pathophysiology: Caused by cirrhosis (lack of antiplasmin-2alpha) or radical prostatectomy (release of tPA). Treatment: *Epsilon-aminocaproic acid
A

Fibrinolysis defect

Hematology/Oncology (2 decks)

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