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Flashcards in Hepatitis Deck (26)
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1
Q

Hepatitis A

A

RNA - Picornavirus

Fecal oral transmission

2
Q

Prevention for Hep A

A

Vaccine

Immunoglobulin pre- and post- exposure (within 14 days)

3
Q

Hepatitis E

A

RNA - Hepevirus

Fecal oral transmission

4
Q

IgM

A

Acute exposure <6 months

5
Q

IgG

A

Previous exposure >6 months, now immune

6
Q

Hepatitis B

A

DNA - Hepadnavirus

Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal

7
Q

Hepatits C

A

RNA - Flavivirus

Primary blood

8
Q

Hepatitis D

A

RNA - Delta virus

Parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal

9
Q

Anti-HAV (IgM)

A

IgM antibody to HAV; best test to detect active hep A

10
Q

Anti-HAV (IgG)

A

IgG antibody indicates prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination; protects from reinfection

11
Q

HBsAg

A

Antigen found on surface of HBV; indicates hep B infection

12
Q

Anti-HBs

A

Antibody to HBsAg; indications immunity to Hep B

13
Q

HBcAg

A

Antigen associated with core of HBV

14
Q

Anti-HBc

A

Antibody to HBcAg; IgM - acute/recent infection; IgG = prior exposure to chronic infection
Positive during window period

15
Q

HBeAg

A

Indicates active viral replication and high transmissibility

16
Q

Anti-HBe

A

Antibody to HBeAg; indicates low transmissibility

17
Q

What is seroconversion?

A

Ability to clear Hep B – loss of HBeAg and development of HBeAb

18
Q

How do newborns react differently than adults to Hep B?

A

Newborns develop the chronic disease

Adults have a developed immune system and are able to clear the disease

19
Q

What is done in a case of Hep B exposure in an unvaccinated patient?

A

Give Hep B immune globulin within 24 hours (preferable) or within a week
Second dose of HBIG 1 month later

OR

Hep B vaccin (within 24 hours - or within 1 week)
Second dose 1 month after first
Third dose 6 months after first

20
Q

What is done in the case of Hep B surface antigen positive mothers?

A

Give newborn both HBIG and vaccine

21
Q

Can Hep B lead to HCC?

A

Yes! Even without going through cirrhosis

22
Q

What are some treatments for Hep B?

A

Interferons - released by host cells when infected with viruses, activated immune system [Interferon alfa-2b, PEG-interferon alfa-2a]
Antivirals (nucleoside/nucleotide analogues) - block reverse transcriptase that is necessary for HBV replication [Entecavir, Tenofovir]

23
Q

What is the success of HBV therapy?

A

Eliminate or suppress HBV replication = 30% after therapy discontinuation
ALT normalization = 30%
Loss of HBeAg, development of HBeAb (seroconversion) = 30%
Loss of HBsAg = 5-7%

24
Q

What is the difference between an HBV-HDV confection and a superinfection?

A
Coinfection = get them at the same time; severe
Superinfection = have Hep B first, then get Hep D; leads to chronicity
25
Q

What are the nonstructural proteins of HCV for?

A

viral replication – these are the targets of therapeutics called Direct acting antivirals (DAA)

26
Q

Who exhibits Hep C antibody?

A

All exposures make Hep C antibody and remains present in all patients including those who spontaneously clear the virus or undergo successful treatment
Hep C RNA is only present in those who are viremic