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Flashcards in hip & pelvis Deck (35)
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1
Q

what 3 joints make up the pelvic girdle?

A
  1. hip joint – movable (acetabular femoral joint)
  2. sacroiliac joint – immovable, not palpable, center level w/ s2, iliac crests @ L4/5
  3. pubic symphysis – immovable
2
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint?

A

ball & socket joint

congruous

3
Q

when observed from the spin, the lumbar portion of the spine normally exhibits a slight ________ curve

A

lordosis curve

4
Q

absence of the normal lordosis may suggest?

A

paravertebral muscle spasms

5
Q

what may be the cause of hyperlordotic/kyphotic lumbar spine?

A
  • hyperlordosis may be caused by flexion deformity of the hip
  • anterior abdominal muscles may be weak
6
Q

what can the gluetal fold symmetry indicate?

A
  1. raise with hip extension
  2. lower with hip flexion
  3. asymmetry:
    — congenital dislocation
    — muscular atrophy
    — pelvic obliquity
    — leg length discrepancy
7
Q

what is it called if the iliac crests are not level?

A

pelvic obliquity

8
Q

which structure in the hip & pelvis serves as a point of origin or insertion for a variety of muscles?

A

iliac crest

9
Q

what is the widest point on the iliac crest?

A

iliac tubercle

10
Q

where is the greater trochanter located?

A
  • anterior & lateral portion covered by tensor fascia lata & gluteus medius
  • level w/ the pubic tubercles
11
Q

what is the name of the structures which are on the same level as the top of the greater trochanters?

A

pubic tubercles

12
Q

what tests increase intrathecal pressure?

A
  1. milgram’s test
    – pt. supine, raise lets 2-3” off table & hold 30 sec
    + inability to perform test and/or low back indicates weak abdominal muscles or space occupying lesion.
  2. valsalva’s maneuver
    _ instruct pt. to take a deep breath, hold, and bear down as if you’re having a difficult bowel mvmt
    + radiating pain from site of lesion (usually recreating the complaint in cervical or lumbar area of the spine)
13
Q

what are the tests for the sacroiliac joint?

A
  1. pelvic rock test aka “iliac compression test”
    + pain in either sacroiliac joint indicates sacroiliac joint lesion
  2. gaenslen’s test
    + pain on the affected sacroiliac joint stressed into extension indicates general sacroiliac joint lesion, anterior sacroiliac ligament sprain, or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint
  3. patrick or fabere’s test
    + pain in the hip region indicates hip joint pathology
14
Q

Is SI joint pathology common?

A

no, when found is usually in conjunction with either a severe or massive trauma involving the pelvis or infectious disease (e.g. tuberculosis)

15
Q

what other areas can refer pain to the lumbar spine?

A

hip, rectum, and pelvis

16
Q

what is the location of the PSIS?

A

directly underneath the visible dimples just above the buttocks

17
Q

where is the ischial tuberosity located, and how do you find it?

A

– level with the lesser trochanter of femur

– level with the gluteal fold

18
Q

what is the patient position for palpation of the ischial tuberosity?

A

patient is on their side with hip flexed

19
Q

an imaginary line drawn between the PSIS’s crosses which structure?

A

S2

20
Q

A line drawn across the top of the iliac crest crosses the spine between which spinour processes?

A

L4/L5

21
Q

How many clinical zones are there in the examination of the hip and pelvic region?

A

5

22
Q

name the 5 clinical zones

A
  1. femoral trianble
  2. greater trochanter
  3. sciatic nerve
  4. iliac crest
  5. hip and pelvic muscles
23
Q

what are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A

superior - inguinal ligamnet (ASIS to pubic tubercle)
medial - adductor longus m.
lateral - sartorius m.
floor - adductor longus, pectineus, iliopsoas m.

24
Q

which structure is located between the ASIS’s and the pubic tubercles?

A

inguinal ligament

25
Q

from medial to lateral, what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral vein - medial
femoral artery - middle
femoral nerve - lateral

26
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body?

A

sartorius muscle

27
Q

what muscle is frequently pulled in athletic activities?

A

adductor longus muscle

28
Q

enlarged lymph nodes within the femoral triangle may be a sign of?

A

– infection ascending from the lower extremity

–local pelvic problems

29
Q

according to hoppenfeld, what is the most medial structure within the femoral triangle?

A

lymph nodes

30
Q

inflamed bursa may be tender to palpation and feel?

A

boggy

31
Q

name the soft tissue structure which can produce an audible snap sound when an individual climbs or walks up stairs?

A

tensor fascia lata

32
Q

what is the patient position to palpate the greater trochanter?

A

patient is on their side

33
Q

what is the insertion of the gluteus medius muscle?

A

upper lateral trochanter

34
Q

what is the longest nerve in the body?

A

sciatic nerve

35
Q

where is the sciatic nerve located?

A

midway b/w greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity