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Dermatology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the epidermis?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

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2
Q

Which embryological layer gives rise to the epidermis?

A

Ectoderm

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3
Q

What layer of the skin is composed of a dense connetive tissue that imparts mechanical support, strength, and thickness to the skin?

A

Dermis

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4
Q

Which embryological layer gives rise to the dermis?

A

Mesoderm

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5
Q

What is the layer of the skin that contains fat and is deep to the dermis?

A

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous fascia

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6
Q

What is hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails, and bewbs a derivative of?

A

Epiderm

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7
Q

What are the 5 layers of the skin?

A

From inner –> outer:

Basale
Spinosum
Granulosum
Lucidum (only in thick skin)
Corneum
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8
Q

What is the main fucntion of the stratum basale?

A

Epidermal cell renewal

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9
Q

Which epidermal layer is also called the “prickle cell” layer because of the characteristic short processes that extend from cell to cell?

A

Stratum spinosum

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10
Q

What are the connections called between the cells of the stratum spinosum?

A

Desmosomes

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11
Q

What are the keratohyalin granules composed of in the stratum granulosum?

A

Cystine and kistidine rich proteins that are precuresors to flaggrin (aggregates keratin filaments)

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12
Q

Are the cells in the stratum corneum nucleated or anucleate?

A

Anucleate

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13
Q

What is the main component in the cells of the stratum corneum, which allows it form the water barrier?

A

Keratine filaments

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14
Q

These are the fingerlike CT projections in the dermis that project into under the surface of the epidermis.

A

Dermal papillae

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15
Q

What helps the dermal papillae hold the dermis and epidermis together?

A

Epidermal/Rete Ridges

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16
Q

What forms your fingerprints?

A

Dermal ridges

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17
Q

What are the proteins that strengthen the attachement of the epidermis to the underlying connective tissue?

A

Hemidesmosomes

18
Q

Which layer of the dermis is most superficial, contains loos CT (collagen I and III) + dermal ridges + BV + nn?

A

Papillary layer

19
Q

What is the dermal layer that is under the pappilary layer, and cotnaisn thick irregular bundles of collagen I and elastic fibers?

A

Reticular layer

20
Q

In the dermal reticular layer, what is it called when the collagen and elastic form lines of tension in the skin?

A

Langers lines

21
Q

What is the layer of adipose rissue under the reticular layer in some areas, and serves as a major energy source site and provides insulation?

A

Panniculus adipose

22
Q

Story time!

A

I worked with a doc that was super arrogant towards fat people. Like he always bitched up a storm about them to me and to their faces. So there’s these gradings of pannus, which is the extent to which your stomach fat hangs over your belly (we might learn about these later in this system). Grade 1 is like over ur junk, grade 3 over ur thighs, and grade 5 i think over ur knees (real big). One time we were walking into the pts room in the ICU where we had to put in a central line, and we had a real big’un. I knew it would be bad. He pulled back the curtain and yelled “OH. GOD. DAN. WRITE THIS DOWN. ON INITIAL INSPECTION THIS PATIENT CLEARLY HAS A GRADE 5 PANNUS HANGING OVER THE BEDSIDE RAILING.” I held my head down in embarrassment. The patients face: ( O_O )

23
Q

What are the smooth muscels that connect to deep part of hair follicles?

A

Arrector pili muscles

goosebumps

24
Q

What are the striated muscles deep to the subQ fat, largly vestigial in humans, but composes the platysma and other facial expression mm?

A

Panniculus carnosus

GRADE 5 PANNUS DAN

25
Q

Which cancer arises from the stratum basale, specifically the follicular buldge of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

26
Q

Which layers of the epidermis does squamous cell carcinoma arise?

A

ALL OF THEM

27
Q

What cancer arises from melanocytes and the most serious one?

A

Malignant melanoma

28
Q

Which specialized cells in the epidermis separate the organsim from the external environment?

A

Keratinocytes

29
Q

Which specialized cells in the epidermis produce pigment?

A

Melanocytes

30
Q

Which specialized cells in the epidermis signal the immune system?

A

Langerhans cells

31
Q

Which specialized cells in the epidermis are associated with sensory n. endings?

A

Merkel’s cells

32
Q

Which embryological layer gives rise to melanocytes?

A

Neural Crest Cells

33
Q

What is the thing called which is a pool of undifferentiated melanocyte stem cells around the hair follicle?

A

Follicular buldge

34
Q

Which gene controls the differentiation of the melanocyte stem cells and helps develop them?

A

Pax3 gene

35
Q

Since melanocytes have rounded cell bodies in the basal layer and long processes between the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum, what cells are they considered?

A

Dendritic cells

36
Q

What adheres the melanocytes in the basal lamina?

A

Hemidesmosomes

37
Q

Which enzyme converts Tyr –> DOPA and DOPA –> melanin?

A

Tyrosinase

38
Q

What is the mature melanin granule which gets transferred to neighboring keratinocytes by pigment donation?

A

Melanosome

39
Q

What is the nerve in the skin that detects deep pressure changes and vibration applied to the skin?

A

Pacinian corpuscles

40
Q

What are nerve receptors in the skin that are sensitive to sweet, light touch (aka fairy tickles)?

A

Meissners corpuscles

41
Q

Which nerve receptors in the skin are sensitive to skin stretch and torque?

A

Ruffini corpuscles.

42
Q

Which nerve receptors in the skin respond to light touch and decrtimination of shapes and textures?

A

Merkels cells

Dermatology (4 decks)

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