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Neuro I > Histology - Auditory and Vestibular Systems > Flashcards

Histology - Auditory and Vestibular Systems Flashcards

0
Q

The outer ear contains (2)

A

pinna (auricle)

external auditory meatus (canal)

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1
Q

what are the tree parts of the ear

A

external ear
middle ear
internal ear

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2
Q

another name for auricle is

A

pinna

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3
Q

Middle ear contents (5)

A 
tympanic membrane
malleus
incus
stapes
Eustachian tube
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4
Q

inner ear contents (5)

A 
oval window 
semicircular ducts
cochelea
vestibulochoclear N
round window
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5
Q

function of the external ear

A

collect and conduct sound

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6
Q

skin of the outer 1/3 of the ear contains________ and ______ glands that produce what

A

humerous sebaceous and ceruminous glands

produce cerumen “ear wax”

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7
Q

The auricle is supplied by what arteries

A

superficial temporal

posterior auricular

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8
Q

Auricular hematoma

A

caused by trauma –>damages blood supply to auricle–>hematoma
if blood is not drained=> cauliflower ear and/ or risk of infection

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9
Q

middle ear function

A

transfer sound waves in air into flud waves in the inner ear via vibration of the ossicles

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10
Q

ossicle attached to the tympanic membrane

A

malleus

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11
Q

ossicle between the malleus and the stapes

A

incus

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12
Q

footplate of this ossicle articuates with the fenestra vesibuli

A

stapes

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13
Q

another name for the oval window

A

fenestra vestibuli

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14
Q

what does the tensor tympani m do

A

tenses the tympanic membrane to decrease sound produced by chewing

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15
Q

what nerve innervates tensor tympani m

A

V3 of the trigeminal nerve (mandibular)

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16
Q

what does the stapedius muscle do

A

pulls the stapes away from the fenestra vestibuli to protect excess movement of the stapes due to loud sound

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17
Q

inn of stapedius muscle

A

facial n

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18
Q

function of eustachian tube

A

equalize pressure, connects nasopharynx to ear. decreases pressure of inner ear.

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19
Q

function of the inner ear

A

take fulid waves and transmit them into signals sent via the vestibulocochlear nerve to the cortex for hearing and balance

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20
Q

two main parts of the inner ear

A

membranous labrynth

osseous labrynth

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21
Q

Membranous labrynth

A

ducts tubes sacs filled with endolymph

suspended in the osseous labrynth

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22
Q

fluid in the membranous labrynth

A

endolymph

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23
Q

Osseous labrynth

A

bony portion, forms several canals and cavities
surrounds the membranous labrynth
perilymph(?)

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24
Q

perilymph is found where

A

between the walls of the osseous and membranous labrynths

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25
Q

contents of the membranous labyrinth (4) involved in balance and hearing

A

semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule
cochlea

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26
Q

semicircular ducts

A

tubes suspended in the osseous semicircular canal

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27
Q

each semicircular duct ends in an

A

ampulla

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28
Q

each ampulla of the semicircular duct contains ______

A

a receptor organ = crista ampullaris

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29
Q

crista ampularis detects

A

angular acceleration

30
Q

what structure is attached to the end of the semicircular ducts

A

utricile

31
Q

receptor organ of the utricle

A

macula utricle

32
Q

macula utricle detects

A

linear acceleration

33
Q

What is conneced directly to the cochlear duct

A

saccule

34
Q

the receptor organ of the saccule

A

macula saccule

35
Q

macula saccule detects

A

linear accleratino

36
Q

the components in the membranous labrynth specific to the vestibular system

A

semicircular ducts
utricle
saccule

37
Q

components in the membranous labyrinth specific to hearing

A

cochlea

38
Q

crista ampullaris detects

A

angular acceleration - rotation of the head

39
Q

crista ampullaris - big picture

A

conains hair cells with sterocilia that detect the movement –> depolarization –> signal sent to brainstem via the vestibular nerve

40
Q

crista ampullaris - how it works

A

when the head turns, endolymph in the semicircular ducts pushes against the CUPULA –> bends the stereocilia of the hair cells –> the bending stimulates afferent activity through CN8 to the brainstem

41
Q

what is the cupula and its function

A

???

42
Q

Macula utricle and macula saccule detect what

A 
linear accleration (horizontal movement)
linear acceleration (vertical movement)
43
Q

macula utricle and macula saccule - big pictue

A

the utricle and saccule contain hair cells topped with otoliths (Ca carbonate crystals) that detect the movement –>depolarization –> signal sent to brainstem via vestibular nerve

44
Q

macula utricle and macula saccule - how it works

A

the saccule and utricle lie 90degrees to each other –> head moves in any direction–> the sterocilia of the hair cells will bend due to the weight of the otoliths –> the bending stimulates afferent activity through CN8 to the brainstem

45
Q

otoliths are

A

Ca carbonate crystals

46
Q

endolymphatic duct is a duct formed by the joining of

A

ducts from the utricle and saccule

47
Q

the endolymphatic duct ends in the ____ space

A

subdural

48
Q

THe _______ drains the perilymph

A

perilymphatic duct

49
Q

the perilymphatic duct extends through the ______ and ends in the ______ space. Why do we care

A

dura
subarachnoid
can be a possible cause of meningitis

50
Q

most common cause of the symptoms of vertigo

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

51
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is charachterised by

A

breif recurrent episodes of vertigo triggered by change in head position with respect to gravity

52
Q

what is the cause of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

debris floating in the endolymph of one or more of the semicircular canals

53
Q

how do you diagnose bppv?

A

Dix-Halpike maneuver

54
Q

Scala vestibuli aka

A

vestibular duct

55
Q

scala vestibuli is located inside the _____, filled with ____ and extends from ______ to ______

A

cochlea
perilymph
oval window
the helicotrema

56
Q

scala tympani aka

A

tympanic duct

57
Q

scala tympan is located in side the _____, filled with _______ and extends from _____ to ________

A

cochlea
perilymph
helicotrema to round window

58
Q

Vestibular membrane separates what

A

the vestibular duct from the cochlear duct

59
Q

the basilar membrane separates what

A

the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct

60
Q

The helicotrema is where? It is a connection point for what

A

at the apex of the cochlea

connection point for the vestibular and tympanic ducts

61
Q

The cochlear duct is located____, filled with _____ and houses ____

A

inside the cochlea,
endolymph
organ of corti

62
Q

The organ of corti contains _____. it is composed of _____

A

the cochlear nerve

hair cells

63
Q

what is the purpose of the hair cells in the organ of corti

A

detect movement –> stimulate depolarization –> sends signal to brain via cochlear nerve–> sound

64
Q

The purpose of the vestibular and tympanic ducts

A

to conduct sound vibrations in the air into fluid sound waves that are transmitted to the organ of corti inside the cochlear duct.

65
Q

how we hear sound

A
  1. sound waves in air hit external ear
  2. they go to tympanic membrane, cause ossicles in middle ear to vibrate
  3. vibration of ossicles (stapes) transmits movement to oval window of inner ear
  4. stapes hitting oval window causes movement of fluid within the inner ear
  5. fluid waves move up and down from the oval window to the round window (via the vestibular and tympanic ducts)
  6. movement of the fluid waves causes bibration of the basilar membrand and hence the organ of corti inside the cochlear duct to move
  7. movement of the hair cells inside the organ of corti trigger depolarization
  8. depolarization allows signals to be sent to the brain via the cochlear nerve
  9. interpretation of sound
66
Q

why is otitis external more common in children

A

their external auditory meatus is more horizontal

67
Q

Otitis externa

A

pain with manipulation of ear

aka swimmers ear

68
Q

otitis external infection caused by

A

pseuomonas aeruginosa or staph aureus

69
Q

otitis media

infection caused by

A

bulging tympanic membrane, erythema, middle ear effusion
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza
morexella catarrhalis

70
Q

Meniere’s Disease and triad of Sx’s

A

excessive endolymphatic fluid within the inner ear

intermittant vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss

71
Q

Vestibular neuritis

A

inflammation of vestibular nerve
spontaneously begins and spontaneously resolves - lasts about 2wks
nausea, vomitting, vertigo without hearing loss or tinnitus

72
Q

tinnitus

A

?????

Neuro I (30 decks)

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