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Infectious > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

sensitivity of EIA as screening test

A

> 99.5%

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2
Q

detected in EIA

A

p24 antigen of HIV

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3
Q

confirmatory test HIV

A

western blot

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4
Q

genes detected in a western blot

A

gag
pol (p31)**
env

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5
Q

when western blot is indeterminate

A

-cross reactive or in the process of mounting an antibody response: repeat testing in a month

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6
Q

best indicator the the immediate state of the immunologic competence of the patient with HIV infection

A

CD4 count

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7
Q

T cell count <200/uL

A

P jiroveci

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8
Q

CD4 <50uL

A

CMV
mycobacteria
M avium complex (MAC)**
T gondii

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9
Q

when to perform CD4 count

A

at the time of diagnosis and every 3-6 month thereafter

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10
Q

When to initiate cART

A

< 500 T cell count

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11
Q

T cell count decline indication to change therapy

A

> 25% decline

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12
Q

Comparable to a cd4 count

A

Tcell of 15

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13
Q

percent of HIV individuals with an acute clinical syndrome

A

50-70%

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14
Q

median time for latency

A

10 years

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15
Q

little if any decline in CD4

A

nonprogressors (low levels of HIV RNA)

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16
Q

prophylaxis P jiroveci

A

TMP SMX

CD4 less than 200

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17
Q

MAC prophylaxis

A

Azith or clarith

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18
Q

Toxo gondii

A

CD4 less than 100

TMP SMX

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19
Q

Rx cryptococcus neoformans, occcidoides

A

fluoconazole

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20
Q

Rx histoplasma capsulatum

A

itraconazole 200 BID

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21
Q

Rx salmonella

A

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID

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22
Q

encodes proteins that form core of virion

A

gag

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23
Q

encodes enzymes responsible for protease processing of viral proteins

A

pol

24
Q

encodes envelope glycoproteins

A

env

25
Q

natural reservoir of HIV 1 M and N groups

A

Pan troglodytes troglodytes

26
Q

Std treatment for PCP

A

TMP/SMX for 21 days one double strength tab daily

27
Q

Risk of PCP greatest

A

with previous bout of PCP

T cell counts less than 200

28
Q

Alternative treatments for mild to moderate PCP

A

dapsone/trimethoprim
clindamycin/primaquine
atovaquone

29
Q

Treatment of choice in severe disease if pt unable to tolerate TMP-SMX

A

IV pentamidine

30
Q

most common finding in chest x-ray PCP

A

normal film or faint bilateral infiltrate

31
Q

Indications for PCP prophylaxis in patients with HIV

A

1) prior bout of PCP
2) patient with CD4+ count 2 weeks
5) hx of oropharyngeal candidiasis

32
Q

when is adjunct GC therapy included in PCP treatment

A

patients paO2 35 mmHg

33
Q

most common atypical mycobacterial infection

A

M avium

M intracellulare

34
Q

portal of entry MAC

A

GI tract

respiratory tract

35
Q

MAC counts

A

CD4 <50

36
Q

most common opportunistic protozoa that can infect GI tract and cause diarrhoea in HIV infected patients

A

Cryptosporidia
Microsporidia
Isospora belli

37
Q

treatment isospora

A

TMP SMX

38
Q

treatment of CMV colitis

A

ganciclovir

foscarnet

39
Q

Rx histoplasma and penicillum marneffei

A

Itraconazole

40
Q

Antibodoes to HIV

A

3-6 weeks

41
Q

Facilitates infection of cells Fc receptor mediated mechanism known as anyibodybenhancement

A

Abbto gp41

42
Q

rx for pcp if Gmp/smx is not tolerated

A

IV pentamidine

43
Q

Reactivation pulmonary syndrome

A

Coccidoides immitis

44
Q

HIV pseudomembranous tracheobronchhitis appearance

A

Aspergillius

45
Q

MC form of heart dse in HIV pt

A

CAD

46
Q

Treatment of cryptosporidia

A

Nitazoxamide

47
Q

Microsporidia main species causing disease in humans

A

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

48
Q

Hiv drug assoc with fatal fulminant and cholestatic hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and hepatic failure

A

Nevirapine

49
Q

Rx HIV associated nephropathy

A

ACEI and prednisone

50
Q

Lipodystrophy ayndrome HiV

A 
Elevations in plasma triglycerides
Total cholesterol
Apolipoprotein B
Hyperinsulinemia
Hyperglcemia
51
Q

Predominant thyroid abnormality in HIV patients

A

Subclinical hupothyroifism

52
Q

MC affected joint Hiv assoc arthropathy

A

Knees and ankles

53
Q

Characteristic feature of zidovudine rx

A

Elevated mean corpuscular volume

54
Q

KSHV associated lymphoproluferatuce disoder seen with increased frequency in HIv infection

A

Multicentric castlemans disease

55
Q

CD4 T cell count gor pt with histoplasmosis

A

33/uL

56
Q

Neoplastic diseases considered to be aids defining condition

A

Kaposis sarcoma
Non hodgkins lymphoma
Invasive cervical carcinoma

57
Q

Leading cause of infectious meningitis in patients with aids

A

C neoformans

Infectious (11 decks)

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