How Nerves Work 1 Flashcards Preview

Science for Medicine > How Nerves Work 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in How Nerves Work 1 Deck (27)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What structures are part of the nervous system?

A
  • The brain
  • The spinal cord
  • The peripheral nerves
2
Q

What are the subdivisions of the nervous system?

A
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Autonomic nervous system
  • Enteric nervous system
3
Q

What are the parts of the brain?

A
  • Meninges
  • Gyrus and sulcus
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
  • Brainstem
4
Q

What is the cerebrum made up of?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
5
Q

What is the diencephalon made up of?

A
  • Thalamus

- Hypothalamus

6
Q

What is the brainstem mad up of?

A
  • Midbrain
  • Pons
  • Medulla oblongata
7
Q

How many spinal nerves are there at each level?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
  • 31 in total plus 12 pairs of cranial nerves
8
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A set of cell bodies

9
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory fibres?

A

Ganglion

10
Q

Where are the cell bodies of motor fibres?

A

Ventral horn

11
Q

What is inside the white matter?

A

Axons

12
Q

What is inside the grey matter?

A

Cell bodies

13
Q

What happens at the dorsal horn?

A

Afferent sensory fibres come in

14
Q

What happens at the ventral horn?

A

Efferent motor fibres go out

15
Q

What components make up a neuron?

A
  • Cell body (soma)
  • Dendrites
  • Initial segment (axon hillock)
  • Axon
  • Axon (presynaptic terminals)
16
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Receive information

17
Q

What does the axon hillock do?

A

Triggers the action potential

18
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Sends the action potential

19
Q

What happens at axons act presynaptic terminals?

A

Release transmitter

20
Q

Describe afferent (sensory) neurones.

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Detect things in the environment

21
Q

Describe the interneurons.

A
  • CNS

- Decide what to do about detections

22
Q

Describe efferent (motor) neurones.

A
  • Peripheral nervous system

- Send signals for resolution

23
Q

What are glia?

A

Non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis

24
Q

What are the 3 types of glia?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oliodendrocytes
  • Microglia
25
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A
  • Maintain the external environment for the neurone

- Surround blood vessels and produce the blood brain barrier

26
Q

What do ogliodendrocytes do?

A

Form myelin sheaths in the CNS

27
Q

What do microglia do?

A

Phagocytic hoovers mopping up infection