What is Hyperkinetic movement?
Too much movement. (excessive)
What is Hypokinetic movement?
Too little movement. (Paucity)
If a parent has Huntington’s disease what child does their child have of inheriting it.
a 50/50 chance.
What causes Huntington’s disease?
A defective gene on chromosome 4 - which produces a protein called Huntingtin- this protien becomes mutated and causes neurons to die.
What number of years is the typical progression of HD?
10-25 years
What is Juvenile HD?
onset before 20 years.
What are symptoms of HD?
- Language/speech changes: Dysarthria
- Dysphagia
- Motor control changes
- Behavioural and mood changes
- Cognitive changes
What are 2 examples of speech and language difficulties experienced by someone with HD?
- impaired breathing for speech production
- hoarse, harsh, strained or strangled vocal quality
- inappropriate rate, rhythm and pitch of speech
- imprecise articulation.
What are 2 examples of cognitive and language difficulties experienced by someone with HD?
- difficulties beginning conversation
- lack of spontaneity in communication
- difficulty putting thoughts into words
- reduced number of words available to the person
- limited ability to respond within a conversation
- specific word finding difficulties
- difficulty understanding complex information
- slow response time
Medical managment of HD include?
- Anti-psychotic medication
- Antidepressants
Dystonia is caused by….
dysfunction in the Basal Ganglia, cerebellum, supplementary motor areas, sensorimotor cortex
Symptoms of dystonia?
uncontrollable excessive muscle spasms and contractions (involuntary)
sometimes a tremor is present too
Which of the following could be used to test for dystonia?
- MRI scan
- CAT scan
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- CSF test
- X-ray
- genetic testing
- MRI
- Blood & Urine tests
- Genetics testing
What is secondary dystonia?
dystonia resulting from external factors, eg, another neurological condition, trauma or medication.
Which type of dystonia affects the ‘trunk’ and at least two other parts of the body?
Generalised dystonia.
Whats the difference between Segmental and Multifocal dystonia?
both affect two regions of the body:
in segmental dystonia it is two connected regions and in multifocal it is two unconnected regions.
What is Hemidystonia?
When it affects one side of the body entirely.
which of the following can be used to treat dystonia:
- muscle stimulants
- muscle relaxants
- levopada
- baclofen
- aspirin
- botox
- deep brain stimulation
- pallidotomy
- thalamotomy
- muscle relaxants
- baclofen
- botox
- deep brain stimulation
- pallidotomy
- thalamotomy