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Flashcards in Hypercoagulable States Deck (26)
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1
Q

List the 6 Hypercoagulable States:

A

Factor V Leiden, Lupus Anticoagulant, Malignancy, Protein C Deficiency, Activated Protein C Resistance, Protein S Deficiency

2
Q

What is a hypercoagulable state?

A

It is a blood clotting disorder

3
Q

What are synonyms for hypercoagulable states?

A

thrombophilia, prothrombotic state

4
Q

Are hypercoagulable states inherited or acquired?

A

Either

5
Q

Thrombosis

A

Formation of a blood clot within a vessel, blocking it

6
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

Process that keeps clots from over growing

7
Q

Define primary hypercoagulable state.

A

It is inherited, not acquired

8
Q

List the primary, inherited hypercoagulable states

A

Protein C deficiency, Activated Protein C Resistance, Protein S deficiency, Factor V Leiden

9
Q

What is the most common type of hypercoagulable state?

A

Activated Protein C Resistance

10
Q

What other coagulable state is actually a sub type of Activated Protein C Resistance?

A

Factor V Leiden

11
Q

What type of problems can the primary hypercoagulable states lead to?

A

VENOUS events only.

12
Q

Which are the secondary hypercoagulable states?

A

Lupus anticoagulant and malignancy

13
Q

What is going on in Factor V Leiden?

A

Protein C is activated (and trying to turn off Factor V!)but, because of this mutation, Factor V is resistant to it… so it takes 10 times longer than it should to bind to Factor V to turn it off!

14
Q

Of all the congenital disorders, Factor V Leiden is most likely to lead to:

A

DVTs!

15
Q

What types of clots does Lupus Anticoagulant form?

A

Arterial clots

16
Q

Lupus anticoagulant is what type of syndrome?

A

Antiphospholipid syndrom (APS)

17
Q

What do APSs do to the blood?

A

Make the blood very sticky.

18
Q

What is the 1 in 5 rule with lupus anticoaulant?

A

1/5 people under 45 who have a stroke, 1/5 who have a DVT, 1/5 w/recurrent pregnancy loss (3 or more), 1/5 w/ lupus will test positive.

19
Q

What is the most common cause of acquired hypercoagulable disorder?

A

malignancy

20
Q

How does chemotherapy contribute to clotting?

A

It down regulates protein S and C.

21
Q

10-20% of patients with their first DVT will have a:

A

Cancer diagnosis w/in 6 months

22
Q

Describe the role Protein C plays in clotting

A

Protein C is a Vit K-dependent, NATURAL anticoagulant. Protein S is its cofactor. When activated, Protein C shuts down factors 5a and 8a, impeding further thrombin generation.

23
Q

Difference between homozygous and heterozygous Protein C deficiency:

A

Homozygous could kill you, heterozygous could cause a DVT or 2.

24
Q

What is mutated in Factor V Leiden?

A

The site where Activated Protein C would bind…. Thus, factor Va molecules can continue to enhance factor Xa’s conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and coagulation is NOT inhibited.

25
Q

What is Protein S’s main role?

A

To serve as a cofactor and activate protein C.

26
Q

For either Protein C or S, the problem is either;

A

not enough or malfunctioning of the protein