Hypertension Flashcards
Defined as a systolic pressure greater than 140mmHg and a diastolic pressure greater than 90mmHg. Based on two or more accurate measurements,
Hypertension
Cardiac output = ?
Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume
Normal BP ?
Less than 120/80
Prehypertension BP?
120-139/80-90
Stage 1 hypertension BP?
140-159/90-99
Stage 2 hypertension BP?
Greater or equal to 160/100
Factors that influence the development of hypertension
- increased sympathetic nervous system
- increased reabsorption of sodium chloride and water by the kidneys
- increased activity of the rennin-angiotensin system
- decreased vasodilation
- insulin resistance
Manifestations of hypertension
- retinal and other eye changes
- renal damage
- myocardinal infarction
- cardiac hypertrophy
- stroke
Major risk factors of hypertension
- smoking
- obesity
- physical inactivity
- DM
- family history
Lifestyle modifications?
- weight loss
- reduced alcohol intake
- reduced sodium intake
- diet ( high in fruits,vegetables, low fat dairy)
- regular physical activity
Initial medication for hypertension?
Thiazide diuretic
Medications for hypertension
- thiazide diuretics
- loop diuretics
- potassium sparing diuretics
- aldosterone receptors blockers
- alpha and beta blockers
A situation in which blood pressure is severely elevated and evidence of actual or probable target organ damage
Hypertensive emergency
Situation with severely elevated blood pressure but no evidence of actual or probable organ damage
Hypertensive urgency
Must reduce BP 25% in first hour, reduce to 160/100 over 6 hours
Hypertensive emergency
