Hypertension Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hypertension Deck (23)
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1
Q

What type of autonomic receptor does ACh act on?

A

Muscarinic (Parasympathetic effect)

2
Q

What type of autonomic receptor does Norepinephrine act on?

A

alpha1/2
beta1/2/3
(Sympathetic effect)

3
Q

True/False? Arterioles are more capacitive than veins, which are resistive

A

False

4
Q

Which is faster? Autonomic Nervous control of bp or Hormonal control?

A

Autonomic loop

5
Q

What is an average blood pressure?

How do you diagnose hypertension?

A

120/90 mmHg

3 repeated measurements above the average

6
Q

True/False? Blood Pressure tends to increase with age

A

True

7
Q

What are the four sites of blood pressure regulation?

A

Arterioles (resistance)
Venules (capacitance)
Heart (pump output)
Kidneys (volume)

8
Q

What are the 4 major drug groups for therapy?

A

Diuretics
Sympathoplegics
Vasodilators
Angiotensin antagonists

9
Q

What are the two main diuretic classes? What severity of HT would you need to prescribe each? What are their two main actions?

A
Thiazides (mild HT)
Loop Diuretics (severe HT)

Both reduce blood volume
Affect smooth muscle tone

10
Q

What is hydrochlorothiazide?

A

Diuretic (thiazide)
Block Na/Cl symporter in distal convoluted tubule (Ca reabsorbed)
TOXICITY: Hypokalemia

11
Q

What is furosemide?

A

Loop Diuretic
Block Na/K/2Cl symporter in thicc ascending loop (Ca excreted)
TOXICITY: hypokalemia

12
Q

How do Sympathoplegics work?

A

Decrease sympathetic discharge or its effects on Cardiovascular system

13
Q

What is Clonidine Methyldopa?

A

Sympathoplegic (Centrally acting agent), alpha2-selective agonist
Mechanism not known, minimal toxicity (sudden cessation causes severe HT)

14
Q

How does reserpine work in the context of hypertension?

A

Sympathoplegic (postganglionic sympathetic neuron blockers)
Rarely used
blocks uptake
TOXICITY: depression

15
Q

What is Prazosin?

A

Sympathoplegic (Adrenoceptor blocker)

Blocks alpha1 receptors (vessels)

16
Q

What is Propranolol?

A

Sympathoplegic (Adrenoceptor blocker)

Blocks beta1 receptors (heart)

17
Q

What is Nitroprusside?

A

Nitrovasodilator
Activates soluble guanylate cyclase, relaxing smooth muscle
TOXICITY: tachycardia

18
Q

What is Diazoxide?

A

K Channel Opener/Agonist
Hyperpolarizes cell, causing relaxation
TOXICITY: tachycardia

19
Q

True/False? if a patient doesn’t respond to monotherapy, there is nothing that can be done

A

False, polypharmacy

20
Q

Name a vasoselective Ca Channel blocker class and give an example

A

Dihydropyridines

e.g. Nifedipine

21
Q

Name two classes of Cardiac/Vascular acting Ca Channel blockers and give an example for each

A

Phenylalkylamines, e.g. Verapamil

Benzothiazines, e.g. Diltiazem

22
Q

ACE inhibitors such as captopril are a subtype of which class of antihypertensive? How do they work?

A

Angiotensin antagonists
Blocks synthesis of angiotensin II from angiotensin I
TOXICITY: prevents breakdown of bradykinin

23
Q

Angiotensin-receptor inhibitors such as losartan are a subtype of which class of antihypertensive? How do they work?

A

Angiotensin antagonists

Prevents angiotensin II from binding, reducing vasopressin release