Hypothalamus Flashcards Preview

Year 1 Neuroanatomy > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Flashcards in Hypothalamus Deck (21)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

what are the anatomical boundaries of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. superior - hypothalamic sulcus 2. anterior - lamina terminalis 3. posterior - midbrain (interpeduncular fossa) 4. inferior - optic chiasm, tuber cinereum, mammillary bodies
2
Q

what is the major blood supply to the hypothalamus?

A

perforating branches from Circle of Willis

3
Q

what are the major inputs to the hypothalamus?

A
  1. cerebrum 2. limbic system (hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, thalamus) 3. retina 4. brainstem / spinal cord 5. intrinsic neurons
4
Q

what is the function of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus?

A

circadian cycles, internal clock

5
Q

what is the function of the mammillary bodies?

A

processing emotional information

6
Q

what is the function of the anterior and posterior nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

regulation of body temperature

7
Q

what is the function of the ventromedial and lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

satiety and feeding

8
Q

what is the function of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

produces hormones for posterior pituitary

9
Q

what is the function of the preoptic, medial preoptic, arcuate, and periventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus?

A

release or inhibition of hormones of anterior pituitary

10
Q

the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus receives light information from the retina via which tract?

A

retinohypothalamic tract

11
Q

which hypothalamus nucleus contains many melatonin receptors?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

12
Q

the pineal gland works on which hypothalamic nucleus to regulate day / night cycles?

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

13
Q

which components of the hypothalamic relay system are used for light and circadian rhythms?

A

pineal gland - suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus - dorsal longitudinal fasciculus - reticular formation

14
Q

what are the primary inputs to the mammillary bodies?

A

hippocapus and amygdala via fornix

15
Q

the parasympathetic output from the hypothalamus is via which nuclei?

A

preoptic and anterior

16
Q

the sympathetic output from the hypothalamus is via which nuclei?

A

posterior, lateral

17
Q

which hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for the initiation of heat loss? heat production?

A
  1. heat loss - preoptic and anterior 2. heat production - posterior
18
Q

stimulation of which hypothalamic nuclei induce eating behavior? satiety?

A
  1. eating - lateral nucleus 2. satiety - ventromedial
19
Q

stimulation of which hypothalamic zone induces desire to drink fluids?

A

lateral zone

20
Q

which hypothalamic nuclei are responsible for hormonal control of the posterior pituitary? via which tract?

A
  1. supraoptic and paraventricular 2. hypothalamohypophyseal tract
21
Q

which hypothalamic nuclei are mainly responsible for hormonal control of the anterior pituitary?

A

arcuate and periventricular