Hypothesis Testing: Two Sample Tests of Significance Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hypothesis Testing: Two Sample Tests of Significance Deck (18)
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0
Q

Scale of ordered numbers but the spacing between them is not necessarily the same

A

Ordinal Scale

1
Q

Numbers are assigned to different variables but the number’s value doesn’t have a meaning on its own

A

Nominal Scale

2
Q

Scale of ordered numbers with equal spacing. Includes negative numbers as has a relative zero value.

A

Interval Scale

3
Q

Scale of ordered numbers with equal spacing that has an absolute zero value (i.e. no negative numbers)

A

Ratio Scale

4
Q

A calculation that tests the hypothesis that two sample mans point to (or estimate) the same population mean. The term “independent” indicates that each subject is in one and only one sample.

A

Student’s t-test for independent samples

5
Q

A calculation that tests the hypothesis that a sample mean of measurement of differences points to (or estimates) a population mean of zero. The term “related” indicates that subjects act as their own control or that two different subjects have been matched or linked in some way. Two measurements are collected per subject or pair and teh sample mean is computed by subtracting one from the other.

A

Student’s t-test for related samples

6
Q

A sampling distribution which is formed by selecting two random samples of equal size from the same population and then constructing a distribution of the differences of the means in each sample. This sampling distribution reveals what the difference between two sample means is expected to be when no treatment effects are present.

A

Sampling distribution for the difference of two sample means

7
Q

The standard deviation of the differences in sample means used to form a sampling distribution for the difference of two means.

A

Standard Error for the Difference of Means

8
Q

The average of the variances of two independent samples for estimating the variance of a measurement in a population

A

Pooled Variance

9
Q

The arithmetic mean of a sufficiently large number of iterates of independent random variables will be approximately normally distributed.

A

Central Limit Theorem

10
Q

Variability of measurements is similar among all study groups

A

Homogeneous Variance

11
Q

Variability of measurements differs among study groups

A

Heterogenous variance

12
Q

The calculation that is done for an independent samples student t-test when the homogeneity of variance assumption is violated

A

Satterthwaite Adjustment

13
Q

A test of statistical significance in which the rival hypothesis is stated in one direction

A

One-tail test

14
Q

A test of statistical significance in which the rival hypothesis is not stated in any particular direction

A

Two-tailed test

15
Q

a class of tests of hypotheses that make no or few assumptions about the nature of a population distribution

A

Non-parametric (rank sum) tests

16
Q

Non-parametric test used for independent samples

A

Mann-Whitney U Test

17
Q

Non-parametric test used for related samples.

A

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test