Illustrated History of LA - 20th Century Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Illustrated History of LA - 20th Century Deck (27)
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1
Q

Significant movements that affected American landscape design

A

Country Place Era, the City Beautiful Movement, Modernism, Land Art, Environmentalism, Postmodernism and Ecological Design

2
Q

European-styled houses and gardens—

A

manors, villas, castles, and chateaux

3
Q

Beatrix Jones Farrand (1872–1959)

A

was a founding member of the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) and a pioneering woman designer.

4
Q

Charles A. Platt (1861–1933)

A

was an architect whose work was informed by a sense of spatial order and visual coherence reminiscent of Italian Renaissance gardens

His book, Italian Gardens (1894), was influential in introducing architectonic spatial relationships to residential design in America

5
Q

In 1935 Mather hired Ellen Shipman to redesign

A

Platt’s formal gardens.

6
Q

Journalist and author Charles Mulford Robinson (1869–1917)

A

Modern Civic Art, or the City Made Beautiful (1903) helped make the commitment to civic improvement a fashionable cause.

7
Q

Daniel Burnham’s formal plan for the redesign of Chicago

A

included radial and diagonal street systems, wide boulevards, and a monumental civic center

8
Q

McMillan Plan - Washington, DC.

A

sculptor Augustus Saint Gaudens, and architect Charles McKim, was appointed by the McMillan Commission to enact Pierre L’Enfant’s 1791 plan (McMillan)

9
Q

Walter Gropius (1883–1969) founded the Bauhaus and was its director from 1925 to 1933

A

He became the head of the Graduate School of Design at Harvard, in 1933, and brought the International Style to America.

10
Q

Charles-Edouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier, 1887–1965)

A

applied the International Style to residential design

11
Q

Gabriel Guevrekian (1900–1970)

A

Guevrekian’s work positioned the garden as a conceptual artistic statement, where plants functioned as abstract masses of color. He explored many of the same ideas in his later work at Villa Noailles (1927). His gardens were often referred to in the press as “cubist” gardens

12
Q

Fletcher Steele (1885–1971)

A

was a Boston writer, critic, and landscape designer whose work can be seen as a link between Beaux-Arts formality and modernism. He

13
Q

Thomas Church (1902–1978)

A

was a Beaux-Arts trained landscape architect based in California whose practice primarily focused on residential design

The Donnell Garden, completed between 1947 and 1949, in Sonoma, California, is perhaps his most recognizable work.

14
Q

Garrett Eckbo (1910–2000)

A

was one of the fi rst landscape designers to rebel against the Beaux-Arts formalism that was still being taught in professional schools

Eckbo used his own backyard to showcase his innovative design solutions, which included screens, trellises, and a fountain, all made from aluminum.

15
Q

Dan Kiley (1912–2004)

A

he designed many well-known plazas for banks and private businesses.

16
Q

Lawrence Halprin (1916– 2009)

A

was also one of the first advocates for citizen participation in the design process

17
Q

Sea Ranch

A

a housing development in Gualala, California, completed in 1965, is an excellent example of Halprin’s commitment to working collaboratively with other professionals and with the forces of nature.

18
Q

1962 renovation of the old Ghirardelli chocolate factory into a public plaza in San Francisco

A

Halprin’s one of the first examples of successful adaptive reuse

19
Q

Lawrence Halprin Well-Known Works

A

Ira Keller fountain in Portland, Oregon; Freeway Park in Seattle, Washington; Levi Strauss Plaza in San Francisco, California; and the FDR Memorial in Washington, DC.

20
Q

Burle Marx (1909–1994)

A

was a Brazilian landscape designer whose work reflected his interests in botany and painting.

21
Q

The work of more recent landscape designers such as Kathryn Gustafson, Patricia Johanson, and Spanish landscape architect Fernando Caruncho

A

speaks to the legacy of Burle Marx and Luis Barragán

22
Q

Jens Jensen (1860–1951)

A

was conscious of environmental themes early in his professional career

his practice consisted of large-scale residential projects and smaller urban parks.

His book Siftings, from 1933, presented his ideology of environmental design.

23
Q

Richard Haag

A

Redesigned the first landscape reclamation project - Gas Works Park in Seattle, Washington

24
Q

Peter Latz

A

He transformed a 500-acre abandoned steel and coal production facility in the Ruhr River valley into public open space as part of the Emscher Park regional redevelopment plan.

25
Q

architect Bernard Tschumi

A

won the design competition for the construction of a new public park on the grounds of an old slaughterhouse on the outskirts of Paris

His design for Parc de la Villette (1985) was based on deconstructivist theories that questioned the boundaries and definitions of architecture and space

The park provides 85 acres of open space as part of a large-scale redevelopment project that includes a science and technology museum and a music center.

26
Q

Parc de la Villette

A

presents a purposely unresolved space in which a variety of activities and paths can be determined by the visitor,

27
Q

20th Century Summary

A

New resources, technologies, modes of transportation, and communication systems transformed the way people interacted with each other and with the natural world in the 20th century. The ideals expressed in the landscape reflected these changing values.

Landscape design in the 20th century was subject to a variety of influences. Space became very architectonic. Trends in the art world were interpreted by landscape architects. Analyses of site conditions and user needs determined the form and function of the modernist landscape. Postmodernist designers searched to rebuild a traditional sense of community. The so-called green revolution focused the profession on ecological design.