Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

What are some of the indications for AXR?

A

Undifferentiated abdo pain

  • ?toxic megacolon in IBD
  • bowel obstruction/ischaemia
  • perforation of a viscus with free air
  • renal tract calculi
  • foreign bodies

Preliminary evaluation of bowel gas in emergency setting

Evaluation of radiopaque tubes and lines

Evaluation for post-procedural intraperitoneal/retroperitoneal free gas

Monitoring the passage of contrast through the bowl

Monitoring the amount of bowel gas in post-op ileus

Colonic transit studies

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2
Q

Outline the assessment of an AXR.

A

Air/gas

  • any part of hollow tube visible if filled with gas
  • transit time: slow (stomach and small bowel) or fast (large bowel)
  • extra-luminal gas is always abnormal

Bones

Calcifications/artefacts/foreign bodies

  • abnormal e.g. gallstones, renal calculi
  • within normal structure but pathological e.g. nephrocalcinosis, pancreatic calcification
  • within normal structure and physiological e.g. lymph node calcification

Soft tissues
- visible organs: kidneys, spleen, liver, bladder, psoas muscles

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3
Q

What is Rigler’s sign?

A

Bowel wall visualised (double wall sign) due to presence of intra-luminal AND extra-luminal gas

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4
Q

What is falciform ligament sign?

A

Falciform ligament outlined when patient has free abdominal gas

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5
Q

What is the football sign?

A

Massive pneumoperitoneum, looks like an American football

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6
Q

What does lead pipe colon indicate?

A

Loss of haustra due to chronic inflammation

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7
Q

What does thumbprinting indicate?

A

Thickened mucosa

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