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TAS Nephrology > Imaging Of The Urinary Tract ✅ > Flashcards

Imaging Of The Urinary Tract ✅ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most frequently used imaging modality in paediatric nephrology?

A

Ultrasound scan

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2
Q

What are the advantages of ultrasound in paediatric nephrology?

A
  • Non-invasive

- Provides very good anatomical detail

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3
Q

What kind of ultrasound may be particularly useful in paediatric nephrology?

A

Colour Doppler ultrasound

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4
Q

What is colour Doppler ultrasound useful for?

A

Ascertaining renal blood flow

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5
Q

When might it be useful to ascertain renal blood flow?

A
  • Check graft perfusion after renal transplantation
  • In suspected renal vein thrombosis
  • In renal artery stenosis
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6
Q

What are the other imaging modalities used in paediatric nephrology?

A
  • Micturating cystourethrogram

- Nuclear scans

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7
Q

How is MCUG performed?

A

Bladder catheterised, and small amount of contrast medium is injected through the catheter to fill up the bladder

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8
Q

What are the advantages of MCUG?

A
  • Allows very good images to be obtained of lower urinary tract
  • Useful in documenting any bladder outlet obstruction, such as posterior urethral valves
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9
Q

What is MCUG the gold standard for?

A

Documenting and grading VUR

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10
Q

What are the disadvantage of MCUG?

A
  • Small risk of infection
  • Requirement for radiation
  • Need for urethral catheterisation, which can be psychologically traumatic
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11
Q

In who might uretural catheterisation particularly psychologically traumatic?

A

Toddlers

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12
Q

What nuclear imaging techniques are used in paediatric nephrology?

A
  • Dynamic scanning

- Static scanning

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13
Q

What scans can be used in dynamic scanning of the urinary system?

A
  • MAG3

- DTPA

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14
Q

What is dynamic scanning of the urinary system useful for?

A
  • Showing obstruction

- Gives estimate of split differential function both kidneys

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15
Q

Give an example of a cause of obstruction that can be seen on dynamic scanning?

A

Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction

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16
Q

When is dynamic scanning most often used?

A

After an ultrasound has shown a dilated collecting system (hydronephrosis)

17
Q

What is better, MAG3 or DTPA scans?

A

MAG3

18
Q

What can MAG3 scans be used for?

A

To document reflux in older children who are continent and able to control urination on demand

19
Q

What is used in static scanning?

A

99mTC-DMSA

20
Q

What is the purpose of static scanning?

A

Provides information about the renal parenchyma, most frequently used to identify renal scars

21
Q

What is the disadvantage of static compared to dynamic scanning?

A

Radiation dose is higher

TAS Nephrology (16 decks)

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