Immune system

Question 1

Antigens

Answer 1

Substances on the surface of agents that the body perceives as foreign

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

Dangerous foreign substances to the body

Question 3

Allergies

Answer 3

Immuneoresponse to foreign agents that are not pathogens

Question 4

Autoimmune disease

Answer 4

When the immune system mistakes part of the body as a pathogen

Question 5

Innate immune system

Answer 5

The body’s first line of defense; a collection of nonspecific barriers- not defend against specific pathogens

Question 6

Commensal microorginism

Answer 6

Normal bacterial flora

Question 7

Name some antimicrobial substances in the body

Answer 7

Mucus, tears, saliva

Question 8

What are some external (first line) aspects of the innate immune system?

Answer 8

Skin, hair, earwax, sweat, salt, enzymes, commensal microorganisms, mucus

Question 9

What are some internal (second line) aspects of the innate immune system?

Answer 9

Inflammation, interferon, phagocytes, antimicrobials, NK lymphocytes

Question 10

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 10

Ingestion of pathogens by WBC phagocytes

Question 11

Macrophage

Answer 11

A phagocyte that uses digested antigens to alert T cells; also produces cytokines

Question 12

Name 3 antigen presenting cells

Answer 12

Dendrite, B and macrophage

Question 13

Cytokines

Answer 13

Molecules that signal the location of a pathogen to activate cytotoxic T cells (macrophage and helper T cells produce this)

Question 14

Histamine

Answer 14

WBC that triggers capillary permeability and vasodilation so WB can leak to the infected tissues

Question 15

Inflamation

Answer 15

Redness, swelling, heat, pain

Question 16

Interferons

Answer 16

Proteins secreted by leukocytes that inhibit virus replication

Question 17

Adaptive immune system

Answer 17

Specific responses to particular antigens

Question 18

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

B calls and T cells

Question 19

T-cells

Answer 19

Mature in the Thymus.
Helper T- interlukins- trigger action from other cells
Cytotoxic T- attack pathogens
Memory T- Respond quickly to re-exposed pathogen, preventing symptoms

Question 20

Cell-mediated immunity

Answer 20

Adaptive immunity from T cells that attack parasites, cancer, transplanted tissues, etc.

Question 21

B-cells

Answer 21

Mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens; turn into plasma cells that release a shload of antibodies

Question 22

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

Answer 22

Blood proteins that fit specific antigens, marking them for destruction

Question 23

Antibody-mediated immunity (humoral immunity)

Answer 23

Immunity by antibodies created by B-cells

Question 24

Immunization

Answer 24

Active artificial immunity

Question 25

Passive immunity

Answer 25

Temporary immunity gained from an outside source i.e. placenta or breast milk

Question 26

Active immunity

Answer 26

Production of antibodies as a result in active antigens present in the body