Immune System II Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immune System II Deck (34)
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1
Q

what do lymphocytes mature into

A

B orT cells

2
Q

what type of disease/virus does acquired fight

A

specific

3
Q

describe why flu shots need to be administered every year

A

viruses that cause flu evolve from year to year(mutate)

the immune memory from last year’s flu won’t protect against this years

4
Q

are lymphocytes long lasting?

A

immune memory lymphocytes are (can last decades)

5
Q

what are the two types of acquired cells

A

humoral and cellular

6
Q

describe humoral cells

A

body fluid, B-lymphocytes(cells)

7
Q

describe cellular cells

A

inside cells, T-lymphocytes(cells)

8
Q

what is a lymphocyte that has never(not yet) contacted infection it could fight

A

naive lymphocyte (aka immature)

9
Q

what is the first step of maturation

A

cell made in red bone marrow(immature)

10
Q

what is the second step of maturation

A

cells go to blood then either thymus or bone marrow

11
Q

what happens to the cells that go to the thymus

A

become T cells

12
Q

what happens to the cells that go to the bone marrow

A

become B cells

13
Q

what is the term for when the cells develop far enough that they become specific to fight only one specific type of disease

A

immunocompetent

14
Q

where do cells become immunocompetent

A

in either thymus or bone marrow

15
Q

why is there a big diversity of lymphocytes

A

to fight a plethora of diseases because each lymph, can only fight one disease(most lymph. will never contact the infection they were programmed to fight)

16
Q

what is the third stage of maturation

A

mature lymphocytes travel to lymph nodes

17
Q

what occurs in the lymph nodes

A

where fluid is tested for infection

lymphocytes check for the infection they were meant to fight (immune monitoring)

18
Q

lymphocytes seed _______ _______

A

lymph node

19
Q

what is an antigen

A

the infection

anything the body sees as foreign

20
Q

describe B cells

A

they differentiate into plasma cells which then proliferate
make antibodies to attack infection
try to bind to receptors(Ys)

21
Q

what are the three steps B cells fight infection with

A

1) B cell binds to specific infection once it recognizes it
2) this causes proliferation and creates clones of itself
3) makes plasma cells which make antibodies to the infection

22
Q

what are the antibodies identical to

A

what was on the surface of the original specific B cell

23
Q

antibody binds…..

A

antigens and neutralizes it

24
Q

how long does it take to make antibodies and attack

A

a few days

25
Q

when do the plasma cells die

A

after about a week

26
Q

after fighting infection, proliferation also makes…..

A

B memory cells which can last decades and function as immune monitoring

27
Q

describe T cells

A

develop in the thymus
look for infection that is hidden inside cells(cellular immunity)
fights mostly viruses and infection that hides from B cells

28
Q

what does MHC stand for

A

major histocompatability complex

29
Q

describe MHC

A

self signal

every cell in the body has this so it is not attacked

30
Q

what are placed on infected cells

A

MHC and antigenic peptide

31
Q

what does the MHC and antigen do

A

alerts other cells it needs help because it is infected

32
Q

what are the four steps of MHC

A

1) infectious protein is broke up
2) taken to ER via TAP
3) antigen peptide placed on MHC
4) moves to plasma membrane to indicate it needs help

33
Q

what is MHC loaded with

A

antigen

34
Q

what type of presentation does the infected self put on its surface

A

“self and anti-self”