Infection 8 - Infections in Chronic Health Conditions Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Infection 8 - Infections in Chronic Health Conditions Deck (24)
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1
Q

What types of infections are diabetics prone to?

A
  • ENT infections
  • Rhinocerebral mucomyosis
  • UTIs
  • Skin + Soft Tissue infections
2
Q

How does malignant/necrotising otitis externa present?

A
  • severe ear pain

- otorrhoea

3
Q

Which bacteria is usually the causative organism of malignant/necrotising otitis externa?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

4
Q

What type of patients are particularly at risk of developing malignant/necrotising otitis externa?

A

Elderly diabetic patients

5
Q

What is Rhinocerebral mucormycosis?

A

Fungal infection of the nose and paranasal sinuses, leading to soft tissue necrosis and bony erosion

6
Q

What type of patients are particularly at risk of developing Rhinocerebral mucormycosis?

A

Diabetics (particularly if in DKA)

7
Q

Why do diabetics have a higher risk of developing UTI’s?

A
  • Neurogenic bladder due to neuropathy = urine stasis
8
Q

Which bacteria are often the causative organisms of UTIs in diabetic patients?

A
  • Enterobacteriaceae (ie E.coli)

- Pseudomonas aeruginosa

9
Q

What types of skin and soft tissue infections are diabetics prone to developing?

A
  • Foot ulcers
  • Cellulitis
  • Folliculitis
  • Necrotising fasciitis
10
Q

What type of bacteria usually cause folliculitis in diabetics?

A

Staph. aureus

11
Q

What type of bacteria usually cause cellulitis in diabetics?

A
  • Staph. aureus

- Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus

12
Q

What type of bacteria usually cause foot ulcers and necrotising fasciitis in diabetics?

A
  • Staph. aureus
  • Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus
  • Enterobacteriaceae
  • Other anaerobes
13
Q

Why do diabetics rarely respond well to surgery?

A

Vascular disease impairs healing

14
Q

Cystic fibrosis follows which inheritance pattern?

A

Autosomal recessive

15
Q

Whats the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis?

A

Deletion of Phenylalanine at position 508

16
Q

Which molecule regulates the CFTR Cl- channel?

A

cAMP

17
Q

Name 4 part of the body that is affected by cystic fibrosis:

A

1) Respiratory system - repeated inflammation + infection
2) Pancreas - blocks ducts, less enzymes released
3) Urogenital system - absence of vas deferens in men
4) GI tract - rectal prolapse, constipation, malabsorption

18
Q

What bacteria most commonly cause lung infections in young children with cystic fibrosis?

A
  • H. influenzae

- Staph. aureus

19
Q

Which types of bacteria commonly cause lung infections in older children/early adults with cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Ps. aeruginosa

- Bulkholderia cepacia

20
Q

Why do cystic fibrosis sufferers have a higher mortality rate from a Ps aeruginosa infection?

A
  • Defective ingestion of bacteria by epithelial cells
  • Abnormal composition of mucous = impaired function of antimicrobial peptides
  • Abnormal innate immune system
  • Tend to be colonised by Mucoid Ps = worsened effects
21
Q

What microorganisms typically cause infections in adults with cystic fibrosis?

A
  • Atypical mycobacteria (not TB)
  • C. albicans
  • Asp. fumigatus
22
Q

How can cystic fibrosis patients encourage mucous clearance to reduce infection risk?

A
  • Chest physiotherapy
  • Hypertonic saline nebuliser
  • Mucolytics
  • Bronchodilators
  • Steroids
23
Q

What type of bacteria commonly cause acute COPD exacerbations?

A
  • H. influenzae
  • M. catarrhalis
  • S. pneumoniae
  • Ps. aeruginosa
  • E.coli
24
Q

What type of viruses commonly cause acute COPD exacerbations?

A
  • Respiratory syncytial virus
  • Rhinovirus
  • Influenza A
  • Parainfluenza
  • Coronavirus
  • Adenovirus
  • Human metapneumovirus

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