Infection Dieseases and Sepsis Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Infection Dieseases and Sepsis Deck (30)
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0
Q

What is an epidemiologist?

A

Person that studies how diseases affect a population.

1
Q

What is an infectious disease?

A

illness caused by infestation of the body by biological organisms.

2
Q

Most infectious diseases are usually not what?

A

Life threatening

3
Q

Define index case

A

The first individual to bring an infectious disease to a population.

4
Q

Define opportunistic pathogens

A

nonharmful bacteria that cause disease only under unusual circumstances.

5
Q

Define normal flora

A

organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease.

6
Q

Define pathogen

A

a disease-producing agent or invading substance

7
Q

Define bacteria

A

microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers.

8
Q

Bacteria can reproduce independently but require a host for what?

A

supply of food and environment

9
Q

What is the most common method of differentiating bacteria?

A

Gram staining

10
Q

What does a gram stained purple bacteria indicate?

A

Gram Positive

11
Q

What does a gram stained red bacteria indicate?

A

Gram Negative

12
Q

Bacteria that stain similarly have similar what and may respond similarly to what?

A

Cell walls and Treatments

13
Q

How may bacteria harm the body?

A

Heavy colonization can cause direct damage to the tissue it feeds on

Bacteria can indirectly harm the body through the release of toxins

14
Q

What are the two different types of toxins?

A

Exotoxins and endotoxins

15
Q

Most bacterial infections respond to what?

A

Antibiotics; bactericidal (kill bacteria) or bacteriostatic (inhibit the bacterial growth or reproduction)

16
Q

Define virus

A

Much smaller than bacteria; only seen in electron microscope

Cannot reproduce and carry on metabolism by themselves

Obligate intracellular parasites: grow and reporduce only within host cell

Resist antibiotic treatment

17
Q

What is the problem with attempting to kill a virus?

A

A virus will integrate itself within a host cell thus making any attempt at killing the virus killing the host cell as well.

18
Q

Define prions

A

Disease producing agents referred to as slow viruses

Causes a lot of dementia and insomnia

19
Q

Define fungi

A

plantlike microorganisms, most are non pathogenic

Yeasts, mold, mushrooms are types of fungi

Become pathogenic in patients with compromised immune function

20
Q

What are parasites?

A

Common causes of diseases where sanitiation poor

Roundworms: Live in the intestinal mucosa. May reach 30 - 50 cm in length

Symptoms: Abd Cramping, Fever , Cough

21
Q

What is a pinworm

A

Tiny worms that livei n the distal colon.

Common cause of anal pruitus (itching) and infection

22
Q

Define hookworms

A

Found in warm moist climates

LArvae passed in stool of infected animals. contracted when barefoot walks in contaminated area

Epigastric pain and anemia

23
Q

Define trichinosis

A

Contracted by eating raw and inadequately cooked pork products

Gastrointestinal disturbacnes, edema and fever

If worms invade the heart\ lungs an\or brain death may result

24
Q

Oxygen does not normall attempt to attach to what?

A

Hemoglobin

25
Q

What some diseases that are transmitted through air on droplets expelled during productive cough or sneeze?

A

Tuberculosis, meningitis, mumps, measeles, rubella, chickenpox (varicella)

26
Q

What is the latent period of the infectious process

A

Once infected with the infectious agent, host cannot transmit agent to someone and does not present with sign and symptoms

27
Q

What is the communicable period of the ifectious process

A

Host may exhibit signs of clinical disease; can transmit infectious agent to another host

28
Q

What is the incubation period

A

Time between exposure and presentation

29
Q

Virus and bacteria have what that stimulate the body to produce antibodies?

A

Surface proteins called antigens