Inheritance (chapter 22) Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Inheritance (chapter 22) Deck (21)
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1
Q

What is cytology

A

The study of cells

2
Q

What is a gene

A

The factor that determines an inherited characteristic; located in the chromosomes

3
Q

What is an allele

A

An alternative form of a gene

4
Q

What does it mean to have a dominant trait

A

An allele they masks e effect of another allele

5
Q

What does it mean to have a recessive trait

A

An allele that is masked by the effect of an alternative allele

6
Q

What is homozygous

A

The situation where an individual has the same alleles for a particular characteristic; pure-breeding

7
Q

What is heterozygous

A

The situation where an individual posses different alleles for a particular characteristic; hybrid

8
Q

What is phenotype

A

The physical appearance of an individual as determines by the expression of the aloes for the characteristic

9
Q

What is genotype

A

The genetic makeup of an individual as determined by the alleles for the characteristics of being considered.

10
Q

Who was known as the Father of Genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

11
Q

What are pure-breeding

A

Those that produce the same characteristics in each succeeding generation when bred among themselves.

12
Q

What’s another name for the offspring?

A

Progeny

13
Q

What are hybrids?

A

The hybrid is the dominant trait because it masks the appearance of the other characteristic, which we call recessive.

14
Q

The 22 pairs of non-sec chromosomes are called what? What are they not involved in?

A

Autosomes.

They are not involved in sex determination and are not shown.

15
Q

What is a hemizygous

A

A term used instead of homozygous or heterozygous

16
Q

What is co-dominance?

A

Co-dominance is a situation where both dominant traits mix to form a heterozygous. Eg. A red and white flower mix to form a pink flower.

17
Q

What is polymorphism?

A

It is where many different physical forms can result from the various alleles at a single gene location.

18
Q

What is mtDNA?

A

MtDNA is where a small amount of DNA is found in the mitochondria.

19
Q

How many autosomes occur in each. Or mal human cell and each sperm or egg?

A

22/23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes.

Unfinished

20
Q

What are sex linked or X-linked characteristics?

A

Characteristics that show different patterns in the two sexes are called SL or XL

21
Q

Give examples of Sex linked characteristics

A

Colour blindness, diabetes insipidus, haemophilia