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Endocrinology > Insulin > Flashcards

Flashcards in Insulin Deck (12)
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0
Q

What are it’s 4 main actions?

A

Promotes transmembrane transport of glucose and amino acids into cells
Glycogen formation
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
Conversion of glucose to fat and amino acids to protein

1
Q

What kind or Hormone is insulin?

A

Protein hormone

2
Q

If blood sugar is too high what happens?

A

Pancreas stimulated to produce insulin, glucose taken up by cells and glycogen formation is stimulated in the liver

3
Q

If the blood sugar levels are too low-

A

Glucagon release is promoted, stimulates glycogen breakdown (into glucose)

4
Q

What secretes insulin?

A

Beta cells in the Islet of Langerhans (in pancreas)

5
Q

What secretes glucagon?

A

Secreted by pancreas alpha cells

6
Q

What is glucagon’s primary action?

A

Glycogenolysis

7
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

Absolute deficiency of insulin (usually autoimmune destruction of B cells of the pancreas)

8
Q

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes

A

Thirst, polyuria (peeing lots) (esp at night), blurred vision (disrupted water balance), drowsiness, dehydration

9
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Insulin resistance due to a down regulation of receptors or a signalling malfunction

10
Q

What are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes?

A
Obesity
Age
Diet
Ethnicity
Physical inactivity 
Family history
11
Q

What type of receptor is the insulin receptor?

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor
The receptor is internalised after use
Transcription factors bind to promoters of insulin dependent genes