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Physiology > Integumentary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Integumentary Deck (40)
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1
Q

Functions of integument

A

protective covering

regulation of body heat

housing of sensory receptors

synthesis of vitamin D

excretion of waste through perspiration

2
Q

epidermis

A

most superficial layer composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

3
Q

the four cell types in the epidermis

A

kartinocytes; makes keratin

melanocytes; makes melanin

(langerhans) dendritic cells; immune cells

merkel cells (discs); type 1 tactile mechanoreceptors

4
Q

stratum basale

A

deepest layer highly mitotic

5
Q

stratum spinosum

A

mitotic only in deepest layers; begins synth of keratin

6
Q

stratum germinativum

A

stratum basale+stratum spinosum

7
Q

stratum granulosum

A

flattened cells filling up with keratin

8
Q

stratum lucidum

A

present only in thick skin

9
Q

stratum corneum

A

20-30 layers of flattened keratinized dead cells

10
Q

dermis

A

connective tissue, houses muscles fibers, blood vessels, hair follicles, exocrine glands, and nerve fibers

11
Q

papillary layer

A

loose C.T. directly deep to epidermis

is ridged due to pulling of elastic fibers (fingerprints)

12
Q

reticular layer

A

dense irregular C.T. just deep to papillary layer

stretchable and resilient; makes stretch marks

13
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

adipose tissue and loose C.T. with blood vessels

binds skin to underlying organs

14
Q

purpose of adipose in subcutaneous layer

A

heat insulator and energy resevoir

holds body heat steady or releases it

distribution of adipose varies through body and sexes (women with more)

thickness of layer can indicate nutrtion

15
Q

pink skin color

A

blood flow in dermis and subcutaneous layer

16
Q

yellow skin color

A

carotene; yellowish pigment through diet

an increased amount of keratin in stratum corneum-common in Eastern asia people

17
Q

brown skin color

A

melanin in stratum basale-coloration varies on concentration of melanin

18
Q

freckles

A

small patches of concentrated melanin

19
Q

function of skin coloration

A

ages and sex differences

darker skin tones found in areas of high sunlight

lighter skin tones in areas of low sunlight

20
Q

dark skin tones protect against …

A

damage from UVR

melanin absorbs UVR and prevents it from reaching mitotic cells in dermis and stratum germinativum

a thicker stratum cornuem prevents UVR from reaching mitotic cells

21
Q

hair and the hair follicle

A

resides in the dermis and subcutaneous layer, but originates from the epidermis

hair present on nearly all skin surfaces

serves for protection and identification

22
Q

follicle

A

tube-like; protrudes into dermis and houses one hair

23
Q

bulb of hair

A

zone of active cells at base of hair

24
Q

root of hair

A

column of flattened dead keratinized cells in follice

25
Q

shaft of hair

A

column of flattened dead keratinized cells external to skin

26
Q

the root and shaft are made up of a ….

A

medulla (inner core), cortex (middle section), and cuticle (outer portion)

27
Q

goose bumps

A

arrector pilli is attached to follice surface and dermis

contraction of muscle causes hair to straighten in response to cold or sudden fear or threat situations

28
Q

dark hair

A

high concentration of melanin

29
Q

light brown hair

A

moderate amount of melanin

30
Q

blond hair

A

little melanin

31
Q

white hair

A

no melanin

32
Q

gray hair

A

mix of unpigmented and pigmented hairs

33
Q

red hair

A

pigment containing iron

34
Q

texture of hair

A

depends on shape and size of follice

35
Q

areas of dense hair concentraiton

A

the scalp, face, axilla, and pubic areas

men tend to have noticeable hair on back, chest, abdomen, chest, limbs, and face

36
Q

Hairest and least hairest populations

A

europeans hairiest and East asians and amerindians are least hairy

37
Q

nail plate

A

moded hardened stratum conreum

has nail root, body and free edge

38
Q

nail bed

A

just deep to nail plate; continuous with stratum basale and spinosum of surrounding epidermis

39
Q

lunula of nail

A

part of nail plate; half moon region at proximal end of nail plate

40
Q

function of nails

A

protection and facilitation of dexterity