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Alimentary System > Intro to Alimentary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Intro to Alimentary Deck (12)
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1
Q

Describe the common plan of the gut.

A
  1. Gut lumen
  2. Mucosa (contains loose connective tissue called lamina propria - vascular support for epithelium. May also contain mucosal glands).
  3. Submucosa - loose connective tissue layer with larger blood vessels, lymphatics and may contain mucus secreting glands. (Also contains submucosal plexus which regulates perfusion, secretion and absorption).
  4. SM layers. 2 layers - circular and longitudinal layers. Peristalsis.
  5. Serosa - outermost layer of loose connective tissue - covered by visceral peritoneum. Contains vessels, lymph and nerves
2
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of general GI Tract disease?

A
  1. Malaise
  2. Rapid weight loss
  3. Anorexia
  4. Anaemia
3
Q

What are signs and symptoms of upper GI tract disease?

A
  1. Haemoptysis
  2. Melaena (black tarry stool) - upper GI bleeding
  3. Nausea
  4. Vomiting/Vomiting blood (haematemesis)
  5. Dysphagia, odynophagia (difficulty swallowing/pain swallowing
  6. Heartburn
  7. Acid regurgitation
  8. Belching
  9. Chest pain
  10. Epigastric pain
4
Q

Describe hepatobiliary disorders

A

Right Upper Quadrant pain

Biliary colic pain - gall bladder contracting against a downstream obstruction (e.g. gall stones)
Jaundice - yellowing skin, sclera and mucous membranes (more bilirubin). Dark urine (elevated conjugated bilirubin in urine). Pale stool (lower stercobilin concentration). Ascites (fluid accumulation) - general fluid accumulation in abdominal cavity (>30ml).

5
Q

Describe mid-GI tract disorders.

A

Abdominal pain. Steatorrhoea. Diarrhoea. Abdominal distension.

6
Q

Describe lower GI tract disorders.

A

Abdominal pain. Rectal bleeding. Constipation. Diarrhoea. Incontinence. Flatulence.

7
Q

General whole body GI tract disease. Describe.

A
  1. Cachexia - muscle wastage.
  2. Obesity - sign of nutritional imbalance
  3. Lymphadenopathy
  4. Jaundice
8
Q

Signs of GI infection on the hands.

A
  1. Koilonychia (spooning of nails). Indicates iron anaemia
  2. Leuconychia - partial/complete whitening of nails
  3. Clubbing (enlarged concave experience)
  4. Dupytrens contracture (1/more fingers can be pulled into bent position). Persistent uncontrolled diabetes/alcohol
  5. Tachycardia
  6. Tremor
9
Q

Abdominal signs of GI disease

A
  1. Palpable organ enlargement
  2. Abdominal tenderness/swelling
  3. Distension
10
Q

Signs of GI disease in anus and rectum

A
  1. Haemorrhoids - swollen superficial blood vessels
  2. Fistula - reaching external environment not through anal canal
  3. Fissure (tear/ulceration in mucosal lining)
  4. Proctitis - inflammation of inside of rectum
11
Q

SOCRATES

A
Site
Onset
Character
Radiation
Associated Symptoms
Timing
Exacerbating factors
Severity
12
Q

How should abdominal pain be approached.

A

History
Examination
Investigations