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D&D Unit 4 > Intro to Derm (complete) > Flashcards

Intro to Derm (complete) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general structure of the skin

A
  • Epidermis (keratinocytes, melanocytes, merkel cells, Langerhans cells [aka DCs])
  • Dermis (sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair follicles)
  • Hypodermis
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2
Q

What are the functions of the skin?

A

1) Barrier
2) Vit D synthesis
3) Water homeostasis
4) Thermoreg
5) Insulation/calorie reservoir
6) Touch/sensation
7) Decoration/beauty

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3
Q

What are the Fitzpatrick Skin Types?

A 
I: Never tans, always burns
II: tans w/ difficulty, usually burns
III: Average tanning, sometimes burns
IV: Easily tans, rarely burns
V: Very easy to tan, very rarely burns
VI: Never burns
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4
Q

Describe melanocytes and their types

A

Pigment cells => produce melanin packaged granules called melanosomes (protect from UV)

  • Eumelanin: brown to black pigment
  • Phemelanin: yellow to red-brown pigment (found in red heads, blondes)
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5
Q

What are the differences in melanin in dark and light skin?

A

Light skin: melanosomes smaller — distributed in clusters above nucleus in keratinocyte

Dark skin: melanosomes larger and distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm of keratinocyte

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6
Q

Describe Vitiligo

A

Incidence: 0.5-2%

  • Absence of melanocytes
  • Acquired depigmentation
  • Commonly seen in periorificial and acral areas
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7
Q

Which UV ray helps produce Vit D?

A

UV B

Not UV A, which are found in tanning beds

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8
Q

Describe the epidermis and its components

A

Top layer of skin

Components:

  • Keratohyalin granules
  • Keratinocytes
  • Langerhans Cells
  • Melanocytes
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9
Q

What are the different layers of the epidermis?

A

In order from top to bottom:

  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum basalis
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10
Q

Describe the basal cell layer

A

the lowermost layer of the epidermis

Has the melanocytes!!

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11
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A
  • Attachment point of basal cells to basal lamina of dermal epidermal junction

They connect the epidermis and dermis!!

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12
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

Autoimmune => Abs to the hemidesmosomes

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13
Q

Describe the stratum spinosum

A
  • Appears spiny
  • B/c cells are held together w/ spiny projections (aka desmosomes)
  • Thickest layer of epidermis (above basal layer)
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14
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

Attachments between keratinocytes

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15
Q

Describe pemphigus vulgaris

A

AutoAbs to desmosomes

Intraepidermal blisters

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16
Q

Describe keratinocytes

A

Form skin barrier => protects from microbial, physical, chemical assaults

Also prevents H20 loss

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17
Q

Describe the stratum granulosum

A

Granular cell layer

  • Cells here to loose their nuclei
  • Prominent keratohyalin granules contain filaggrin
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18
Q

Describe the stratum corneum

A
  • Made up of dead and desquamating keratinocytes
  • Breakdown of filaggrin => forms natural moisturizing factor (binds to water and keeps skin moist)
  • NMF levels decline with age
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19
Q

Describe the stratum lucidem

A
  • Extra layer found in thick skin (palm, foot)
  • Reduces friction and shear forces between stratum corneum and granulosum

Go look at the histo slide in ppt!!!

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20
Q

What is the clinical word for hair loss?

A

Alopecia areata

Alopecia universalis (if total hair loss)

21
Q

What is the clinical word for excess sweating?

A

Hyper hydrosis

22
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat area of color change

Less than 1cm

23
Q

What is a patch?

A

Flat area of color change

More than 1cm

24
Q

What is a papule?

A
  • Discrete, solid, elevated body
  • <1cm in diameter
  • May be further classified as scale or crust
25
Q

What is plaque?

A
  • Solid, flat-topped, elevated

- >1cm and broader than thick

26
Q

What is a nodule?

A
  • Firm and well-defined
  • May be dermal or subcutaneous
  • > 1cm
27
Q

Describe scale

A
  • Secondary feature to further classify papules and plaques
  • Surface change
  • Excess stratum corneum (outermost layer)
  • May appear as flakes/plates
  • White or gray
28
Q

Describe crust

A
  • Dried blood, serum, purulent exudate => forms on skin surface
  • May be thick or thin
  • Color determined by fluid type
29
Q

What is a vesicle?

A
  • Fluid filled cavity/elevation
  • Form w/in or just below epidermis
  • <1cm
30
Q

What is a bulla?

A
  • Fluid filled blister

- >1cm

31
Q

What is a pustule?

A
  • Circumscribed elevation
  • Contains pus
  • <1cm
  • Usually whitish-yellow
32
Q

What is erythema?

A
  • Localized, redness
  • Caused by increased blood flow

Think lupus, flushing

33
Q

What is erythroderma?

A
  • Generalized, blanchable redness
  • Caused by increased blood flow
  • May be due to desquamation or extensive scaling
34
Q

What is telangiectasias?

A

Visible, persistant, dilation of small/superficial cutaneous blood vessels

35
Q

What are ecchymoses?

A

A bruise!!

  • Flat discoloration of skin/mucous membranes
  • Due to extravasation of blood
  • Color transitions over time
36
Q

What is petechiae?

A
  • Tiny 1-2mm
  • Tiny hemorrhages
  • Red/violaceous
37
Q

What is palpable purpura?

A
  • Raised/palpable discoloration
  • B/c of vascular inflammation/extravasation of RBCs
  • Red/violet
38
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Thinning of epidermal, dermal or subq tissue

39
Q

What is an erosion?

A
  • Localized loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium

- b/c of injury/denuding of vesicle or bulla removal

40
Q

What is an ulcer of the skin?

A

Loss of epidermis and at least upper dermis

Classified by:

  • Depth
  • Edge
  • Tissue at base
41
Q

What is a fissure?

A
  • Deep linear crack/cleavage

- Found in areas of thickened skin

42
Q

What is eschar?

A
  • A scab
  • Adherent, thick, dry crust
  • Causes: trauma, infection, skin disease
  • BLACK in color
43
Q

What does lymphangitic mean?

A

Follows lymph vessels

44
Q

What does dermatomal mean?

A

Pertaining to a unilateral area of skin

Innervated by a single posterior spinal nerve

45
Q

What does palmoplantar mean?

A

Pertains to palms or soles

46
Q

What does photodistributed mean?

A

Pertains to sun exposed areas

47
Q

What does intertriginous mean?

A

Regions where opposing skin surfaces come in contact that may cause friction

Under breasts, stomach tissue

48
Q

What does flexural mean?

A

Pertains to skin surface overlaying muscles that flex joints

Biceps! Knees!

D&D Unit 4 (18 decks)

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