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Anatomy: head and neck > Intro to the Skull Picture Cards > Flashcards

Intro to the Skull Picture Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Name the bones, holes, and the things that go through the holes.

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Nasal bones
  3. Supraorbital foramen - supraorbital nerve (from V1) goes through it
  4. Infraorbital foramen - infraorbital nerve (from V2) goes through it
  5. Zygomatic bone
  6. Maxillae bone
  7. Mental foramen - mental nerve (from V3) goes through it
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2
Q

Name deez bones.

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Parietal bone
  3. Occipital bone
  4. Temporal bone
  5. Mastoid process
  6. Styloid process
  7. Zygomatic bone
  8. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
  9. Maxilla
  10. Nasal bone
  11. Lacrimal bone
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3
Q

What is this spot called? What is its clinical significance? What are those grooves?

A

The pterion is a thin spot of the skull that can fracture and rupture the middle meningeal artery or branches, which run in the grooves seen on the right.

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4
Q

Its an infant’s skull

A
  1. Anterior fontanelle
  2. Coronal suture
  3. Sphenoidal fontanelle
  4. Squamous suture
  5. Occipital suture
  6. Mastoid fontanelle
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5
Q
A
  1. Anterior fontanelle
  2. Metopic suture
  3. Posterior fontanelle
  4. Coronal suture
  5. Bregma
  6. Saggital suture
  7. Lambda
  8. Lambdoid suture
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6
Q

Name the two ridges and the two spaces.

A
  1. Superior temporal line
  2. Inferior temporal line
  3. Temporal fossa
  4. Infratemporal fossa
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7
Q

Name these two thingys. What lives inside #1?

A
  1. Pterygopalatine fossa - the pterygopalatine ganglion is in it.
  2. Pterygomaxillary fissure
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8
Q

Also name the hole that #2 comes out of.

A
  1. Auriculotemporal nerve
  2. Trunk of mandibular nerve (V3) coming out of the foramen ovale
  3. Deep temporal nerves
  4. Inferior alveolar nerve
  5. Chorda tympani nerve
  6. Long buccal nerve
  7. Lingual nerve
  8. Mental nerve
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9
Q

For #3, name what goes through those holes. For #7, state what is contained inferior to it.

A
  1. Body of the sphenoid bone
  2. Cribiform plate
  3. Olfactory nerves (CN I) go through the cribiform plate holes
  4. Anterior fossa
  5. Middle fossa
  6. Posterior fossa
  7. Petrous part of the temporal bone (a ridge) - inner and middle ear are underneath it.
  8. Temporal bone (squamous part)
  9. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
  10. Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
  11. Foramen magnum
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10
Q

For #1 and 4, name the holes and what goes through them.

A
  1. Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, VI, V1 (opthalmic) go through it.
  2. Lesser wing
  3. Greater wing
  4. Foramen rotundum - V2 goes through
  5. Pterygoid process
  6. Medial pterygoid plate
  7. Lateral pterygoid plate
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11
Q
A
  1. Trigeminal (CN V) ganglion
  2. Maxillary nerve (V2)
  3. Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
  4. Superior orbital fissure
  5. Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves
  6. Infraorbital nerve
  7. Maxillary sinus
  8. Superior alveolar nerves
  9. Foramen rotundum
  10. Pterygopalatine fossa with pterygopalatine ganglia
  11. Mandibular nerve (V3)
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12
Q

Name the openings + what goes through, bones, and stuff.

A
  1. Maxilla bone
  2. Pterygoid process (lateral + medial pterygoid plates)
  3. Sphenoid bone
  4. Petrotympanic fissure - exit for chorda tympani
  5. Carotid canal - opening for internal carotid artery
  6. Jugular foramen - for IJV, CNs IX, X, XI
  7. Stylomastoid foramen - opening for the trunk of facial nerve
  8. Foramen spinosum - for middle meningeal artery
  9. Foramen ovale - for V3
  10. Palatine (horizontal plate)
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13
Q

Figure this mess out.

A
  1. Cribiform plate - CN 1 olfactory nerves go through the holes
  2. Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, VI, V1
  3. Foramen lacerum - nothing goes through it!
  4. Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII, VIII
  5. Hypoglossal canal - CN XII
  6. Jugular foramen - CN IX, X, XI, IJV
  7. Foramen spinosum - middle meningeal artery
  8. Foramen ovale - CN V3
  9. Foramen rotundum - CN V2
  10. Cavernous sinuses
  11. Optic canal - CN II
  12. Sella turcica for the pituitary
  13. Anterior clinoid processes
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14
Q

Also state which one is the only one that drains into the inferior meatus.

A
  1. Maxillary sinus
  2. Frontal sinus
  3. Ethmoid air cells
  4. Nasolacrimal duct - drains to inferior meatus
  5. Sphenoid meatus
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15
Q

Please name the sinuses.

A
  1. Frontal sinuses
  2. Ethmoidal sinuses
  3. Sphenoid sinuses
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16
Q

Which sinuses are these? How can you tell?

A

Maxillary. You can tell cuz the section is kinda low.

17
Q

Name the two sinuses on the drawing. What is going on in the CT scan?

A
  1. Ethmoid air cells
  2. Maxillary sinus

The CT shows fluid accumulation in the maxillary sinus, especially the right - sinusitis.

18
Q

Name the structures and sinuses and describe the CSF drainage pathway.

A
  1. Superior saggital sinus
  2. Falx cerebri
  3. Inferior saggital sinus
  4. Great cerebral vein
  5. Straight sinus
  6. Confluence of sinuses
  7. Falx cerebelli
  8. Transverse sinus
  9. Jugular foramen
  10. Sigmoid sinus

CSF flows posteriorly along the saggital sinuses OR great cerebral vein to the straight sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> transverse sinus –> sigmoid sinus –> IJV at the jugular foramen

19
Q
A
  1. Cavernous sinus
  2. Diaphragma sellae
  3. Inferior petrosal sinus
  4. Sigmoid sinus
  5. Jugular foramen
  6. Confluence of sinuses
  7. Transverse sinus
  8. Tentorium cerebelli
  9. Superior petrosal sinus
20
Q

What nerve is that?

A

Trigeminal ganglion with V1, V2, V3

21
Q

Name these veins. What is the clinical significance of this drainage pathway?

A
  1. Cavernous sinus
  2. Inferior ophthalmic vein
  3. Superior ophthalmic vein
  4. Facial veins

An infection in the face can travel back through the ophthalmic veins –> cavernous sinus –> superior petrosal sinus –> confluence of sinuses –> infection of the brain

22
Q

Which cranial nerves are susceptible to damage if the cavernous sinus becomes infected?

Which cranial nerve responsible for lateral eye movement can be affected in the case of an internal carotid artery aneurysm?

A

Cranial nerves CN III, IV, VI, V1, V2 pass through cavernous sinus and can be affected by an infection.

Canial nerve 6 can be affected by an ICA aneurysm –> affecting lateral movement of the eye.

23
Q

Describe the innervation of the dura.

A

Anterior Cranial fossa: V1, V2, V3

Middle cranial fossa: V2 and V3

Floor of Posterior Cranial Fossa: C1, C2 (cervical nerves)

Tentorium Cerebelli: Tentorial branch of V1

Falx Cerebri – branches of CN V1

24
Q
A
  1. Middle meningeal artery
  2. Maxillary artery
25
Q

Which arteries supply the dura?

A
  1. Ethmoidal branches
  2. Middle meningeal artery
  3. Meningeal branches of occipital artery
  4. Meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
26
Q

What happened?

A

Left: subdural hemorrhage - rupture of cerebral veins, blood between the dura and arachnoid mater. Crescent-shaped.

Right: subarachnoid hemorrhage - rupture of cerebral arteries, blood is between the arachnoid and pia mater.

27
Q
A
  1. Basilar tip aneurysm
  2. Posterior communicating arteries
  3. Basilar artery
  4. Vertebral arteries
28
Q
A
  1. Superior saggital sinus
  2. Falx cerebri
  3. Inferior saggital sinus
  4. Straight sinus
  5. Tentorium cerebelli
  6. Posterior cerebral arteries
  7. Middle cerebral arteries
  8. Internal carotid arteries
  9. Optic nerves CN II
  10. Olfactory tracts
  11. Opening to frontal sinus
29
Q
A
  1. Falx cerebri attached to crista galli
  2. Anterior cranial fossae
  3. Optic chiasm (optic nerves join it - CN II)
  4. Posterior cerebral artery
  5. Middle cranial fossae
  6. Tentorium cerebelli
  7. Transverse sinus
  8. Straight sinus
30
Q
A
  1. Olfactory bulbs
  2. Falx cerebelli
  3. Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
  4. Olfactory tracts
  5. Optic nerves
  6. Internal carotid arteries
  7. Ocular motor nerves
  8. Trigeminal nerve root (CN V)
  9. Basilar artery
  10. Vertebral arteries
  11. Frontal sinuses
31
Q
A
  1. Parietal bone
  2. Superior temporal line
  3. Temporal bone
  4. Zygomatic process of the temporal bone
  5. Temporal process of the zygomatic bone
  6. Zygomatic bone
  7. Frontal process of the zygomatic bone
  8. Greater wing of the sphenoid bone
  9. Frontal bone

Anatomy: head and neck (31 decks)

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