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Flashcards in Introduction Deck (29)
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1
Q

T/F: a drug can be a poison and a poison can be a drug?

A

True! The dose is the difference

2
Q

A _____ can be defined as an substance when applied or introduced into the body may interfere with life processes or biological functions of the cells of the animal

A

poison (toxicant)

3
Q

A ____ is a poison from a biological process

A

Toxin/biotoxin

4
Q

____ is used to describe the deleterious or undesirable effects of poisons

A

toxic

5
Q

____ is the disease caused by exposure to a poison

A

toxicosis, poisoning or intoxication

6
Q

____ is the amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause toxic effects

A

toxicity
expressed as LD50 in mammals in mg/kg body weight
LC50 (lethal concentration) in mg/kg feed in birds
LC50 in mg/liter water in fish

7
Q

___ toxicity is the effect of a single dose or multiple doses during a 24 hour period

A

acute

8
Q

____ toxicity is the effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days

A

subacute

9
Q

______ is the effect of exposure from 30-90 days

A

sub chronic toxicity

10
Q

____ is the effect produced by daily exposure for a period of 3 months or more

A

chronic toxicity

11
Q

What is the ratio between acute LD50 and chronic LD50?

A

chronicity factor

12
Q

T/F: compounds with cumulative effects have a low chronicity factor

A

false, they have a high chronicity factor

13
Q

A chronicity factor >2 indicates a ______

A

relatively cumulative toxicant

14
Q

An extremely toxic substance:

A

1mg/kg or less

15
Q

A highly toxic substance

A

> 1-50mg/kg

16
Q

A moderately toxic substance

A

> 50-500mg/kg

17
Q

A slightly toxic substance

A

> 0/5-5g/kg

18
Q

A partially nontoxic substacce

A

> 5-15 g/kg

19
Q

A relatively harmless substance

A

> 15g/kg

20
Q

The highest non toxic dose (HNTD)

A

highest dose which does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations

21
Q

Maximum tolerated dose (or minimal toxic dose) MTD

A

similar to highest non-toxic dose

22
Q

The toxic dose low (TDL)

A

lowest dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will not cause death

23
Q

Toxic dose high (TDH)

A

dose which produces toxic alterations and administering twice this dose will result in death

24
Q

no effect level (maximum non toxic level)

A

amount of chemical that can be ingested without causing any deaths, illness or toxic alterations in any of the animals for the stated period (usually 90d –> 2y)

25
Q

Lethal dose

A

dose that causes death in any animal during the observation period

26
Q

LD0

A

highest dose that doesn’t cause any death

27
Q

LD50

A

the dose that kills 50% of animals in the group

28
Q

LD100

A

lowest dose that kills all the animals in the group

29
Q

Hazard

A

danger from the possibility of exposure