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Principles of Disease > Introduction to Parasites > Flashcards

Introduction to Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three classes of parasites?

A

Protozoa, helminths and arthropods

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2
Q

Describe the structure of protozoa

A

Single celled organisms

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3
Q

What is the mode of protozoa transmission?

A

Intestinal parasites - fecal - oral route

Blood parasites - arthropod vector

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4
Q

What is the species responsible for malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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5
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

Anopheles mosquito

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6
Q

What is the life cycle of malaria?

A

Sporozoites are injected under the skin by the mosquito, they travel through blood and enter the liver, they mature in the liver and re-enter the circulation as merozoites. Merozoites invade red cells, multiply and lyse cells

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7
Q

What is the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery?

A

Cysts in formed stool - microscopy

Diarrhoea with blood and pus

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8
Q

What type of disease is Amoebic Dysentery responsible for?

A

Intestinal and extra-intestinal infections

Liver abscess in late disease

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9
Q

What infection is caused by the bite of sandflies?

A

Leishmaniasis

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10
Q

What is cutaneous or muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by?

A

Skin or mucosal ulceration

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11
Q

What is Viceral leishmaniasis caused by?

A

Fever weight loss and hepato-splenomegaly

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12
Q

How is diagnosis of leishmaniasis achieved?

A

Histology of biopsy material

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13
Q

What are the different types of helminths?

A

Nematodes, Cestodes, Trematodes

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14
Q

What are Nematodes?

A

Round worms

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15
Q

What are Cestodes

A

Tapeworms

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16
Q

What are trematodes

A

Flatworms

17
Q

What is the diagnosis of nematodes?

A

Press adhesive sellotape against perianal region

18
Q

What is the lifecycle of Ascaris lumbricoides - nematode?

A

Ingested eggs hatch in the intestine, larvae carried by circulation to the lungs, swallowed again, adult worms develop in and inhabit small intestine

19
Q

What are the various methods of ingesting a tapeworm?

A

Larval cysts ingested in meat, ingest eggs in dog faeces

20
Q

Where is there a high incidence of Schistosomiasis

A

Near fresh water, snail is important in the life cycle intermediate host

21
Q

What accompanies a helminth infection?

A

Eosinophilia

Elevated IgE

22
Q

How is diagnosis of a parasite infection achieved?

A

Microscopy of parasites cysts and ova

Serology - detection of antibodies

Blood films for malaria

23
Q

Are cultures of parasites possible?

A

rarely

24
Q

Schistosomiasis is what kind of parasite?

A

Flatworm (trematode)

25
Q

Ascarius lumbricoides is what kind of parasite?

A

Round worm (nematode)

26
Q

What kind of parasite infection is leishmaniasis and amoebic dysentry?

A

Protozoal

Principles of Disease (48 decks)

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