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Flashcards in Iron Deck (12)
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1
Q

Which animals have a higher requirement for iron?

A
young ones (low in milk diet)
Iron def is common in cattle and pigs
2
Q

What is the most common cause of toxicity?

A

improper supplementation

3
Q

what other vit and mineral causes higher resistance to Iron toxicity?

A

higher Se/Vit E levels

- stabalize membranes damaged by excess iron

4
Q

What are factors influencing toxicity?

A

age - young
iron stores - animals that are born with high iron stores
vitE/Se - young animals are born with lower levels

5
Q

What is mechanism of toxicity?

A

not fully understood
CV collapse and often due from shock
increase permeability resulting in loss of fluid
iron also causes hepatic necrosis and impairs clotting mechanism resulting in hemorrhage

6
Q

What three syndromes have been described?

A

peracute
subacute (classical)
chronic

7
Q

What is seen with peracute poisoning?

A

anaphylactoid-like reaction and die from shock
death mins to 1-2h
associated with iron products
“immune mediated”

8
Q

What is seen with subacute “classical” poisoning?

A
CNS
- drowsiness, depression
- coma, death, 4-5h
GIT
- vomiting, diarrhea melena
Liver
- necrosis, icterus
Kidney
- hemoglobinuria
CV
- pale skin

dyspnea, acidosis (puffing pretty good)
hemorrhage
edema at injection site

9
Q

What is seen with chronic poisoning?

A

if exceeds 5000mg/kg
animal will develop rickets and poor growth
iron binds phosphates and alters bone grwoth
palatability problem (starvation)

10
Q

What is found on PM for subacute?

A

peripheral hepatic necrosis
iron deposits in kupffner cells
icterus in most tissues
blood stained contents and myodegeneration (not cardiac)

11
Q

What is the treatment for iron?

A

often unsuccessful

prior to GIT manifestation
- milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) can be given to form insoluble iron hydroxide salts

fluids for shock and acidosis

chelators

  • defroxamine
  • CaEDTA doesnt work
12
Q

What is the most usefultreatment?

A

Vit E

- prevents further liver damage by antioxidant properties