Joints Of The Shoulder Flashcards Preview

ESA 2 - MSK > Joints Of The Shoulder > Flashcards

Flashcards in Joints Of The Shoulder Deck (19)
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1
Q

Name the 3 joints of the shoulder complex.

A
  1. Sternoclavicular
  2. Acromioclavicular
  3. Glenohumeral
2
Q

Where does the sternoclavicular joint occur?

A

Between proximal end (sternal facet) of clavicle and clavicular notch of sternum.

3
Q

Which movement(s) does the sternoclavicular joint allow?

A

Movement of clavicle:

  • predominantly in antero-posterior and vertical planes
  • some rotation also occurs
4
Q

Where does the acromioclavicular joint occur?

A

Between acromial end of clavicle and medial surface of acromium.

5
Q

Which movement(s) does the acromioclavicular joint allow?

A

Movement in anteroposterior and vertical planes with some axial rotation.

6
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint reinforced by?

A
  1. Small acromioclavicular ligament
    • superior to joint, running horizontally from acromion to lateral clavicle.
  2. Much larger coracoclavicular ligament
    • provides much of the weight-bearing support for upper limb on clavicle
    • maintains position of clavicle on acromion
    • spans distance between coracoid process and inferior surface of acromial clavicle end
    • comprises an anterior trapezoid ligament (inserts on trapezoid line of clavicle) and a posterior conoid ligament (inserts on conoid tubercle of clavicle)
7
Q

Where does the glenohumeral joint occur? What type of joint is it?

A

Between head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula.

Ball and socket joint.

8
Q

Which movements does the glenohumeral joint allow?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, redial rotation, lateral rotation and circumduction.

9
Q

What are the static stabilisers of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  1. Articular congruency/anatomy
  2. Glenoid labrum
    • fibrocartilaginous collar that deepens and peripherally expands the glenoid cavity
  3. Fibrous membrane of joint capsule
  4. Superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
  5. Extracapsular ligaments:
    • coracoacromial ligament
    • coracoclavicular ligaments
    • coracohumeral ligament (less important)
    • transverse humeral ligament
  6. Negative intra-articular pressure
10
Q

Name the dynamic stabilisers of the glenohumeral joint.

A
  1. Rotator cuff muscles
  2. Biceps brachii
  3. Muscles crossing shoulder
11
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles (and their innervation).

A
  1. Supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
  2. Infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
  3. Teres minor (axillary nerve)
  4. Subscapularis (upper and lower subscapular nerves)
12
Q

What are the actions of the rotator cuff?

A
  1. Supraspinatous: abduction of the shoulder
  2. Infraspinatous and teres minor: external rotation of the shoulder
  3. Subscapularis: internal rotation of the shoulder
13
Q

Which muscles (and nerves) cause shoulder abduction?

A

1st 90 degrees come from GH joint:

  • 0-15 degrees = supraspinatus (suprascapular n.)
  • 15-90 degrees = deltoid (axillary n.)

> 90 degrees comes from scapulo-thoracic joint through scapula rotation:
- upper trapezius and serratus anterior

14
Q

Which muscles (and nerves) cause shoulder adduction?

A

(Muscles joining humerus to trunk)

  • Pectoralis major (medial and lateral pectoral n.)
  • Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal n.)
  • Teres major (thoracodorsal n.)
15
Q

Which muscles (and nerves) cause shoulder flexion?

A
  1. Anterior deltoid fibres (axillary n.)
  2. Pectoralis major (medial and lateral pectoral n.)
  3. Coracobrachialis (musculocutaneous n.)
  4. Biceps brachii (musculocutaneous n.)
16
Q

Which muscles (and nerves) cause shoulder extension?

A
  1. Posterior deltoid fibres (axillary n.)
  2. Latissimus dorsi (thoracodorsal n.)
  3. Teres major (thoracodorsal n.)
17
Q

Which muscles cause internal rotation of shoulder?

A
  1. Subscapularis
  2. Teres major
  3. Pectoralis major
  4. Latissimus dorsi
18
Q

Which muscles cause external rotation of shoulder?

A
  1. Infraspinatus

2. Teres minor

19
Q

How is the glenohumeral joint vascularised?

A

Branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries.