L22 - Disorders of Cognition Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in L22 - Disorders of Cognition Deck (31)
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1
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Loss of memory of events leading up to a brain injury or insult.

2
Q

What is post-traumatic amnesia?

A

Permanent loss of memory of events for a period following a brain injury.

3
Q

Examples of domains of cognition

A
Memory 
Language 
Attention 
Praxis - cognition of movement
Gnosis - cognition of perception 
Planning 
Understanding others
4
Q

What are some examples of conscious memory?

A
  1. Episodic
    - for events
  2. Semantic
    - knowledge
  3. Working memory
    - attention
5
Q

What are some examples of unconscious memory?

A
  1. Procedural memory
    - memories for skill, bike riding
  2. Priming (being able to name a capital city)
  3. Conditioning (Pavlov’s dogs)
6
Q

When assessing language of a patient what should we test?

A
  1. Fluency
  2. Comprehension
  3. Repetition
  4. Naming
7
Q

What aspect of language is phonology?

A

The sounds

8
Q

What aspect of language is syntax?

A

Structure of a sentence, how the words go together.

9
Q

Semantics

A

Meaning of the language and the words within it.

10
Q

Prosoidy

A

Way you use the words, change of pitches

11
Q

What is Praxis?

A

Process by which a theory, lesson or skill is enacted or realised.

12
Q

Praxis: Ideomotor

A

Selection of action

13
Q

Praxis: Ideational

A

combining actions in a plan.

14
Q

Praxis: Constructional

A

challenge of putting things together, actions involving environmental objects

15
Q

What is gnosis?

A

KNOWLEDGE!

16
Q

Describe apperceptive agnosia?

A

Person cannot reliably name, match or discriminate visually presented objects, despite adequate elementary visual function (visual fields, acuity and color vision)

17
Q

Describe associative agnosia?

A

Person cannot use derived perceptual representation to access stored knowledge of objects function and association.

Can copy and match drawing but can’t identify it

18
Q

State some sub-domains of behaviour?

A
  1. Executive function
    - ideational praxis
  2. Social cognition
  3. Motivation / reward
  4. Attention
    - verbal, non-verbal
  5. Alertness / consciousness
19
Q

Lesion in two different bits of the limbic system will still result in?

A

Impairment of episodic memory.

20
Q

What is amnesia?

A

Impairment of episodic memory

21
Q

What is Delirium?

A

An acute confusional state.

22
Q

Damage to what area might result in amnesia?

A

Damage to hypothalamus.

23
Q

What is korsakoff’s psychosis?

A

Late complication of persistent Wernicke encephalopathy

- results in memory deficits, confusion and behavioural changes.

24
Q

Alexia

A

Acquired disorder of reading

25
Q

Agraphia

A

Loss of disturbance of the abillity to write or spell

26
Q

Dyslexia

A

Difficulty in reading and writing.

27
Q

What is broca type aphasia?

A

AKA motor, anterior, expressive aphasia

speaking slowly, short sentences, getting the sequence wrong

28
Q

In Wernicke’s aphasia where is the lesion found?

A
  1. posterior 2/3rds of superior temporal gyrus
29
Q

Which BV is affected in stroke?

Stroke can be a recognised cause of aphasia

A

Middle cerebral artery.

30
Q

Why is it unusual to have profound aphasia with Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Aphasia generally is a cortical syndrome.

Whereas autoimmunity problem in MS is against the myelin

31
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Chronic neurodegenerative disease, usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time.

most common cause of persistent cognitive impairment.