Lab - Population Genetics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lab - Population Genetics Deck (19)
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1
Q

Polymorphic population

A

Because genetic differences among individuals create more than one common local phenotype.

2
Q

genome

A

A set of genetic instructions. In multicellular species, the genome is replicated in every cell, encoded by the DNA in each cell’s nucleus

3
Q

Diploid organisms

A

Have two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent

4
Q

Homologous pair

A

Two chromosomes carrying copies of the same gene

5
Q

Gammetes

A

When cell division (meiosis) occurs and the homologous chromosomes become separate hapoloid pirs. Gametes are the sex cells, either sperm or eggs.

6
Q

Locus

A

The predictable place on a particular chromosome of a given plant species

7
Q

Alleles

A

When a gene comes in more than one form at a locus

8
Q

Genotype

A

The genes a plant carries for a trait [CC, Ce etc]

9
Q

Phenotype

A

The expression of the genes that is visible [hair color etc]

10
Q

Homozygous

A

Two copies of the same allele

11
Q

Heterozygous

A

One of each allele

12
Q

Dominant allele

A

The instructions of a genetic trait that override the recessive allele. it is still present but it is masked phenotypically.

13
Q

Stochastic process

A

Some of the mechanisms controlling the inheritance of genes follow predictable laws, but others operate in a random fashion.

14
Q

Product Rule (Calculating joint occurance of two independent events)

A

F(A and B) = f(A) * f(B)

F(A and B) = frequency of both events happening together
f(A) = frequency of event A
f(B) = frequency of event B

15
Q

Sum Rule (Calculating the frequency of either event A or event B)

A

f(A or B) = f(a)+ f(b) - f(a and b)

f(a or b) = frequency of either one event or the other occuring
f(A) = frequency of event A
f(B) = frequency of event B
F(A and B) = frequency of both events happening together

16
Q

The Hardy Weinberg Calculation

A
p+q = 1
f(RR) = p^2    f(Rr) = 2pq      f(rr) = g^2
p^2+2pq+q^2 = 1
17
Q

The Hardy Weingberg formula as a neutral model.

A

It shows what toe xpect if no bioligical forces are changing gene frequencies in the population.

18
Q

Evolution

A

changes in a population’s genetic makeup over time, happens constnatly

19
Q

Biological factors that can push gene frequencies OUT OF HARDY-WEINBERG EQUILIBRIUM

A

Small population size, non-random meeting, immigration or emigration, mutation, natural selection