Language Development in Children

Question 1

Morpheme

Answer 1

Smallest meaningful unit of language

Question 2

Base, root, or free morphemes

Answer 2

mean something and can stand by themselves and can’t be broken down into smaller units

Question 3

Bound or grammatic morphemes

Answer 3

can’t convey meaning alone, combined with free morphemes to mean something

Question 4

Syntax

Answer 4

study of sentence structure

Question 5

Passive

Answer 5

subject receives the action of the verb

Question 6

Active

Answer 6

subject performs the actions of the verb

Question 7

Interrogative

Answer 7

questions

Question 8

declarative

Answer 8

statements

Question 9

imperative

Answer 9

commands

Question 10

exclamatory

Answer 10

express strong feeling

Question 11

Compound

Answer 11

contains two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a conjunction or by a semicolon

Question 12

clause

Answer 12

contains subject and predicate

Question 13

independent or main clause

Answer 13

subject and predicate and can stand alone

Question 14

Complex

Answer 14

contains one independent clause and one or more dependent or subordinate cluases

Question 15

dependent or subordinate cluase

Answer 15

subject and predicate but can’t stand alone “if it doesn’t rain”

Question 16

semantics

Answer 16

study of meaning in a language

Question 17

overextension

Answer 17

all round items are balls

Question 18

underextension

Answer 18

only an oreo is a cookie

Question 19

quick incidential learning or fast mapping

Answer 19

learn a new word based on just a few exposures to it

Question 20

pragmatics

Answer 20

study of rules of the use of language in social situations

Question 21

context

Answer 21

where the utterance takes place, to whom the utterance is directed and what and who are present at the time

Question 22

cohesion

Answer 22

ability to organize utterances so they build logically on one another

Question 23

Nativist theory

Answer 23

children are born with a language acquisition device

Question 24

surface structure

Answer 24

arrangement of words in a syntactic order, the sentence you hear

Question 25

deep structure

Answer 25

the rules of sentence formation

Question 26

cognitive theory

Answer 26

language acquistion is made possible by cognition and general intellectual processes. Child must first acquire concepts before producing words

Question 27

4 developmental cognitive stages

Answer 27

Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete operations (7-11)
Formal operations (more than 11)

Question 28

Sensorimotor

Answer 28

symbolic play, babbling, object permanence, 1st word

Question 29

preoperational

Answer 29

egocentric, overextends, underextends, lack of conservation

Question 30

concrete operations

Answer 30

less egocentric, acquire conversation skills, effective classification skills

Question 31

formal operations

Answer 31

lack of egocentricity, inductive and deductive that processes, if/then statments, hypothetical reasoning

Question 32

Behavioral theory

Answer 32

Skinner: events in the child’s environment are important.
Reinforcement is used.
Mands” requests: “do you have something to eat”
Tacts: group of verbal responses that describe and comment on the things and events around us
Echoics: child imitates what speaker says

Question 33

Information-processing

Answer 33

how language is learned
Organization, memory, transfer, attention and discrimination
Audtiory processing: auditory discrimination, attention, memory, rate and sequencing

Question 34

Social Interactionism Theory

Answer 34

Vygotsky: Language develops because people are motivated to interact socially with other people around them
Scaffolding: treatments is focused around increasing the children’s motivations to communicate.