Lec 04: Neuroimaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord Flashcards Preview

[OS 211] Neurology E1 Trans Cluster 4 > Lec 04: Neuroimaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lec 04: Neuroimaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord Deck (25)
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1
Q

Which of the following imaging modalities is/are NOT contraindicated for pregnant women.

A. X-ray
B. CT scan
C. MRI
D. PET scan
E. C & D only
A

C. MRI

X-ray and CT scan machines emit radiation while PET scan uses radioactive tracers.

2
Q

The classical Jefferson burst fracture of C1 is characterized by

A. break due to high energy frontal load
B. four-part break in the anterior and posterior arches
C. lateral displacement of structures from the dens
D. B & C only
E. AOTA

A

D. B & C only

It is due to high energy AXIAL load.

3
Q

ID: What view is optimal for visualization of an isolated fracture of the posterior arch of C1?

A

lateral view

4
Q

ID: This common fracture of the C2 is characterized by hyperextension with bilateral fracture of the pedicles or pars interarticularis.

A

hangman’s fracture

5
Q

Characteristics of hyperextension dislocation of lower cervical spine EXCEPT

A. disruption of ligaments
B. thickening of soft tissues
C. hematoma formation
D. spinous process fracture
E. NOTA
A

D.

The findings of X-ray are usually NORMAL.

6
Q

The following are hyperflexion fractures EXCEPT

A. wedge fracture
B. bilateral interfacet joint fracture
C. clay shoveler's fracture
D. burst fracture
E. NOTA
A

D.

Burst fractures are due to high energy axial loading or vertical compression.

7
Q

ID: This condition is likely if the angle of the spine in a wedge fracture is less than 20 degrees.

A

osteoporosis

If the angle is greater than 30, consider trauma.

8
Q

True of chance fracture EXCEPT

A. vertically-oriented fracture
B. also called as 'seat belt injury'
C. majority have associated intraperitoneal injuries
D. may fracture the body and lamina
E. NOTA
A

A.

It is a HORIZONTALLY-oriented fracture.

9
Q

ID: This sign is characteristic of insufficiency fractures when subjected to scintigraphy.

A

Honda sign

10
Q

The following is/are associated with vertebral disc degeneration

A. accumulation of water
B. disappearance of gas
C. loss of height of disc
D. loss of turgor of annulus fibrosus
E. AOTA
A

C.

Characteristics of Disc Degeneration

  • loss of water
  • appearance of nitrogen gas (vacuum phenomenon)
  • loss of turgor of nucleus pulposus
  • loss of height
11
Q

A disc is said to be bulging when the disc margin beyond the end plates is

A. > 30% of disc circumference
B. > 40% of disc circumference
C. > 50% of disc circumference
D. > 60% of disc circumference
E. protruding regardless of extent
A

C. > 50% of disc circumference

12
Q

Extrusion is defined as disc herniation that

A. is wider than tall
B. is taller than wide
C. is of equal dimension
D. compresses the spinal cord
E. NOTA
A

B.

Protrusion is wider than tall.

13
Q

ID: This is herniation of disc and subsequent detachment of the herniated fragment.

A

sequestration

14
Q

T/F: Spinal stenosis is common among the Japanese people.

A

T

15
Q

In the Meyerding scale of spondylolisthesis, a subluxation of 80% is graded as

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. The Meyerding scale is not used for spondylolisthesis.
A

C. 4

1 = 0-25%
2 = 25-50%
3 = 50-75%
4 = 75-100%
5 = >100%
16
Q

Enumerate the three most common etiology of IV disc infections.

A

Staphylococcus
Enterobacteria
Pseudomonas

17
Q

The most common spinal area of affectation in rheumatoid arthritis is

A. cervical
B. thoracic
C. lumbar
D. sacral
E. anywhere in the spine
A

A.

cervical and craniocervical junctions

18
Q

ID: This is the most common radiologic finding in ankylosing spondyloarthritis.

A

bamboo spine

19
Q

Tumor/s with propensity to grow on the neural arch of the lumbar spine.

A. aneurysmal bone cyst
B. osteoblastoma
C. osteoid osteoma
D. giant cell tumor
E. C & D only
A

C. osteoid osteoma

20
Q

ID: Where are spinal chondromas thought to arise from?

A

cellular remnants of the notochord

21
Q

ID: Typical finding in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

A

pancake vertebra

22
Q

ID: This is the term for the hyperdensity found in vertebral body hemangiomas.

A

corduroy sign

23
Q

Where are the two most common locations of multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma?

A. cervical / thoracic
B. thoracic / lumbar
C. lumbar / sacral
D. sacral / coccyx
E. anywhere in the spine
A

B. thoracic / lumbar

24
Q

True of radiculomeningeal vascular malformations EXCEPT

A. fistula between radicular arteries and veins
B. more common in the lower thoracic spine
C. more common in younger children
D. requires insertion of a coil
E. NOTA

A

C.

It is a rare affliction and there are no predominance in a particular age group.

25
Q

ID: A common complication of epidural hematoma.

A

quadriplegia