Lec 3 Valvular Heart Diseases Flashcards Preview

[OS 213] CVS Trans Cluster 2 > Lec 3 Valvular Heart Diseases > Flashcards

Flashcards in Lec 3 Valvular Heart Diseases Deck (29)
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1
Q

<p>What is the normal mitral valve orifice?</p>

A

<p>4-6 cm2</p>

2
Q

<p>What is the mean gradient in moderate mitral stenosis?</p>

A

<p>5-10mmHg</p>

3
Q

<p>What valvular heart disease manifests with malar flush with pinched and blue facies?</p>

A

<p>Mitral Stenosis</p>

4
Q

<p>What are Kerley B Lines?</p>

A

<p>They are fine, dense, opaque, horizontal lines that are most prominent in the lower lung fields. These are usually seen when resting LA pressure >20 mmHg and is caused by interstitial pulmonary edema, fibrosis, or hemosiderin deposition.
</p>

5
Q

<p>What are the other conditions aside from RHD that cause mitral valve stenosis?</p>

A

<p>Almost all are rheumatic. You can’t make a diagnosis of idiopathic mitral valve stenosis here in the Philippines.</p>

6
Q

<p>What is an Austin-Flint murmur?</p>

A

<p>Seen in AR. Soft mid-diastolic short rumble at apex due to regurgitant stream and mid-systolic ejection murmur.</p>

7
Q

<p>What is Bisferiens pulse?</p>

A

<p>A palpable double systolic arterial pulse.</p>

8
Q

<p>AR or AS? Manifests with widened arterial pulse.</p>

A

<p>AR because of the </p>

9
Q

<p>What is Demusset’s sign?</p>

A

<p>Abrupt distention and collapse of larger arteries</p>

10
Q

<p>What is Corrigan Pulse?</p>

A

<p>▪ “water-hammer” pulse

| ▪ collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole</p>

11
Q

<p>What is Quincke’s Pulse?</p>

A

<p>capillary pulsations while pressure is applied to the tip of the nail (characteristic of a free AR)</p>

12
Q

<p>What is Traube’s sign?</p>

A

<p>“pistol-shots” over femoral arteries</p>

13
Q

<p>What is Durozier’s sign?</p>

A

<p>to-and-fro murmur with femoral artery compression</p>

14
Q

What is the Carvallo’s sign?

A

Holosystolic murmur intensified in inspiration seen in TR.

15
Q

Should the pulmonic valve be catheterized?

A

Catheterization of the pulmonic valve is discouraged because of the infundibular thickening in which the catheter might be stuck, causing the patient to arrest – suicide of the right ventricle.

16
Q

Arrange the four valves in order of likelihood of involvement in RHD.

A

Mitral > Aortic > Tricuspid > Pulmonic

17
Q

P.E. Findings: Opening snap -> Loud S1

A

Mitral Stenosis

18
Q

What conditions other than AR are associated with widened arterial pulse?

A

PDA and AV fistula

19
Q

What valvular disease is associated with Marfan’s syndrome?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

20
Q

P.E. Findings: S1 absent or soft murmur, with widely split S2

A

Mitral Regurgitation

21
Q

Most common cause of valvular heart disease in the Philippines?

A

Rheumatic

22
Q

P.E. Findings: Loud P2

A

Pulmonary Insufficiency

23
Q

P.E. Findings: Bounding Pulse

A

Aortic Regurgitation

24
Q

P.E. Findings: Ascites and Edema

A

TR and TS :)

25
Q

Symptom: Exertional dyspnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)

A

Mitral Stenosis

26
Q

Formula for EF%

A

(LVEDD^3 - LVESD^3) / LVEDD^3

27
Q

Presents with a prominent a wave and gradual y descent.

A

Mitral Stenosis

28
Q

Presents with hoarseness of voice.

A

Mitral Stenosis

29
Q

Signs of Carcinoid syndrome

A

▪ Flushing of the skin
▪ Diarrhea
▪ Secondary restrictive cardiomyopathy