The brain and spinal cord make up what division of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia make up what division of the nervous system?
Peripheral Nervous System
What are the two functional divisions of the nervous system?
Sensory and Motor nervous systems
The sensory nervous system is divided into what two systems?
Somatic sensory and Visceral sensory
The motor nervous system is divided into what two subdivisions?
Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)
Which nervous system cells are nonexcitable cells that provide support and protection?
Glial Cells
Which nervous system cells are electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses?
Neurons (nerve cells)
The processes of a neuron that receive nerve impulses and carry them to the body
Dendrites
The process of neuron that delivers impulses to targets
Axons
What type of neurons carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
Afferent (sensory)
What type of neurons carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands?
Efferent (motor)
What type of neurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons?
Interneurons
What is the name for a localized anatomical group of neurons with a common function in the CNS? PNS?
Nucleus - CNS
Ganglion - PNS
Are glial cells more or less numerous than neurons?
MORE
What type of glial cells help to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
Astrocytes
What type of glial cells are motile and serve an immune function?
Microglial cells
Which glial cells produce myelin/ electrically insulate neurons in the CNS? PNS?
Oligodendrocytes - CNS
Schwann Cells - PNS
The brain is encased in layers of protective and supportive connective tissue generally called _____
Cranial Meninges
What are the three layers of the cranial meninges?
Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater
What strictly regulates what substances can enter the interstitial fluids of the brain?
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
What are the four major regions of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
The cerebrum is divided in half into left and right cerebral _____
hemispheres
What is the largest tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus callosum
The primary motor cortex is found in which lobe?
Frontal Lobe - specifically in the precentral gyrus
Which lobe is involved in decision making, planning, personality, voluntary motor function?
Frontal lobe
Which lobe is involved with integration of, and attention to, sensory input?
Parietal Lobe
Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?
Parietal Lobe
Which lobe is involved in hearing, smelling, memory formation, and sensory association?
Temporal Lobe
Which lobe processes incoming visual information?
Occipital Lobe
What sub-region of the brain, located deep to the lateral sulcus, is involved in memory and interpretation of taste?
Insula
What sub-region of the brain controls voluntary skeletal muscle activity?
Primary motor cortex
What sub-region of the brain receives sensory information from touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
The primary somatosensory cortex receives information from which side of the body? (ipsilateral/contralateral)
contralateral