Lecture 15 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 15 Deck (33)
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1
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up what division of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system

2
Q

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and peripheral ganglia make up what division of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

3
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory and Motor nervous systems

4
Q

The sensory nervous system is divided into what two systems?

A

Somatic sensory and Visceral sensory

5
Q

The motor nervous system is divided into what two subdivisions?

A

Somatic (voluntary) and Autonomic (involuntary)

6
Q

Which nervous system cells are nonexcitable cells that provide support and protection?

A

Glial Cells

7
Q

Which nervous system cells are electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses?

A

Neurons (nerve cells)

8
Q

The processes of a neuron that receive nerve impulses and carry them to the body

A

Dendrites

9
Q

The process of neuron that delivers impulses to targets

A

Axons

10
Q

What type of neurons carry impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS

A

Afferent (sensory)

11
Q

What type of neurons carry impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands?

A

Efferent (motor)

12
Q

What type of neurons facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons?

A

Interneurons

13
Q

What is the name for a localized anatomical group of neurons with a common function in the CNS? PNS?

A

Nucleus - CNS

Ganglion - PNS

14
Q

Are glial cells more or less numerous than neurons?

A

MORE

15
Q

What type of glial cells help to form the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

A

Astrocytes

16
Q

What type of glial cells are motile and serve an immune function?

A

Microglial cells

17
Q

Which glial cells produce myelin/ electrically insulate neurons in the CNS? PNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes - CNS

Schwann Cells - PNS

18
Q

The brain is encased in layers of protective and supportive connective tissue generally called _____

A

Cranial Meninges

19
Q

What are the three layers of the cranial meninges?

A

Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater

20
Q

What strictly regulates what substances can enter the interstitial fluids of the brain?

A

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

21
Q

What are the four major regions of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Brainstem
  4. Cerebellum
22
Q

The cerebrum is divided in half into left and right cerebral _____

A

hemispheres

23
Q

What is the largest tract that connects the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

Corpus callosum

24
Q

The primary motor cortex is found in which lobe?

A

Frontal Lobe - specifically in the precentral gyrus

25
Q

Which lobe is involved in decision making, planning, personality, voluntary motor function?

A

Frontal lobe

26
Q

Which lobe is involved with integration of, and attention to, sensory input?

A

Parietal Lobe

27
Q

Which lobe contains the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

Parietal Lobe

28
Q

Which lobe is involved in hearing, smelling, memory formation, and sensory association?

A

Temporal Lobe

29
Q

Which lobe processes incoming visual information?

A

Occipital Lobe

30
Q

What sub-region of the brain, located deep to the lateral sulcus, is involved in memory and interpretation of taste?

A

Insula

31
Q

What sub-region of the brain controls voluntary skeletal muscle activity?

A

Primary motor cortex

32
Q

What sub-region of the brain receives sensory information from touch, pressure, pain, and temperature?

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

33
Q

The primary somatosensory cortex receives information from which side of the body? (ipsilateral/contralateral)

A

contralateral