What does a failure of homeostasis lead to?
Disease
What are the 3 main components of daily energy expenditure?
- BMR- Basal metabolic rate- energy to support our basal metabolism
- Voluntary physical activity
- Diet-induced thermogenesis-energy required to process the food we eat
Define homeostasis
The control of the internal environment within certain limits. It is a dynamic equilibrium.
Name 4 high energy signals. What do they inhibit/activate?
ATP, NADH, NADPH,FAD2H.
They inhibit catabolism and activate anabolism.
Name 5 low energy signals. What do they inhibit/activate?
AMP, ADP, NAD+, FAD+, NADP+. They inhibit anabolic pathways and activate catabolic pathways.
Define catabolism
The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones- produces: precursors, reducing power and ATP. Releases energy.
Define anabolism
The building up/formation of larger molecules from smaller ones. Requires energy.
What is recommended daily allowance and what factors affect it?
It is the average amount/quantities of nutrients required to keep more than 97% of the population in good health. It is affected by age, gender and pregnancy status.
Define metabolism
The process which derives energy and raw materials from food stuffs and uses them to support growth, repair and activity of body tissues.