Lecture 3 - 1/28 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 3 - 1/28 Deck (42)
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1
Q

What is the Ventricular System?

A

it is a group of cavities in the brain, full of CSF

2
Q

What are the 4 cavities in the brain?

A

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle, and 4th ventricle

3
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle drain?

A

to the central canal (where a spinal tap is done in the lumbar region).

4
Q

Where does the anterior (frontal) horn extend?

A

the frontal lobe

5
Q

Where does the posterior (occipital) horn extend?

A

the occipital lobe

6
Q

Where does the inferior (temporal) horn extend to?

A

the temporal lobes

7
Q

What area of the brain is central to Alzheimer’s disease and memory function?

A

hippocampus

8
Q

What connects the lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of Monro

9
Q

What connects the 3rd to the 4th ventricle?

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

10
Q

What allows fluid to flow into the subarachnoid space?

A

Foramen of Luschka and Foramen of Magendie

11
Q

Which foramen are below the 4th ventricle?

A

Foramen of Luschka and Foramen of Magendie

12
Q

What comes right off of the 4th ventricle?

A

the Central Canal

13
Q

What is a cistern?

A

collection space (for CSF)

14
Q

Where is the CSF that goes around the cerebellum?

A

Cistern Magna

15
Q

What is the 4th bodied cistern above the cerebellum?

A

Quadrageminal Cistern

16
Q

What is between the pons and cerebellum?

A

Cerebellum Ponteen

17
Q

How does CSF get from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space?

A

Foramen of Luschka and Foramen of Magendie

18
Q

How does CSF flow into the cisterns?

A

From the subarachnoid space

19
Q

What has a harder time crossing the BBB?

A

Water soluble & larger molecules

20
Q

What happens if the cerebral aqueduct gets blocked?

A

Pressure builds first in 3rd and lateral ventricles which leads to hydrocephalis

21
Q

What happens if the cerebellum fails to grow?

A

Ageminus - the 4th ventricle looks really big

22
Q

What is Dandy-Walker Syndrome?

A

Coordination problems mainly, goes undetected a lot… congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellum, 4th ventricle enlarges.

23
Q

What are the 3 functions of the CSF?

A
  1. physical support of the brain (support when head is shaken)
  2. Excretory function & regulation of the chemical environment
  3. Channel for chemical communication with in the CSF (throughout the brain)
24
Q

About how much CSF do you gotssss (at any given time)?

A

140 mL a day, but produce 500 mL a day.

25
Q

What is most CSF produced by?

A

choroid plexus

26
Q

When CSF barrier prevents contamination of CSF, what is it absorbed by?

A

Arachnoid Villa

27
Q

What are the two main types of glial cells?

A
  1. Microglia

2. Macroglia

28
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

provide metabolic support & structure

29
Q

What is the ratio of glial cells to neurons?

A

10:1

30
Q

What do microglia cells do?

A

phagocytes/scavengers that rapidly mobilize and activate in response to pathological conditions

31
Q

What do macroglial cells do?

A

provide support and nutritive functions.

32
Q

What are the 4 types of Macroglial cells?

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes
  2. Schwann Cells
  3. Astrocytes
  4. Ependymal Cells
33
Q

What forms the myelin sheath?

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes

2. Schwann Cells

34
Q

What do Astrocytes do?

A

act as scaffolds for growing axons, monitor synaptic actions, provide chemical feedback, contribute to BBB.

35
Q

What do Ependymal Cells do?

A

line fluid-filled cavities, regulate flow of chemicals from these cavities into the brain.

36
Q

What does Myelin do?

A

Speeds up transmition

37
Q

What are the Nodes of Ranvier?

A

Break in myelin (the gaps)

38
Q

What are the 3 types of subcortical white matter?

A
  1. Projection fibers
  2. Association fibers
  3. Commissural fibers
39
Q

What are the Projection Fibers?

A

Motor and Sensory fibers that…

40
Q

What are the ASSociation Fibers?

A

complex processing… Go from one side of the hemisphere to the other of the same hemisphere.

41
Q

What are the Commissural Fibers?

A

anterior and posterior commissures, corpus callosum.

42
Q

What is the difference between white and gray matter?

A

White - myelinated axons

Gray - cell bodies