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Flashcards in Lecture 3 Deck (32)
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1
Q

tight circling is associated with what lesions

A

cerebellar/vestibular

2
Q

bigger circling are associated with what type of lesions

A

supratentorial

3
Q

kyphotic

A

dorsal curvature of the spine

4
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of she spine

5
Q

ventral neck flexion is caused by what?

A

neck pain, myopathy, myasthenia gravis, thiamine deficiency, organophosphate, hyperthyroidism, ethylene glycol, electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, phos)

6
Q

ataxia

A

lack of an axis - failure of muscular coordination

7
Q

3 types of ataxa

A

vestibular ataxia (falling leaning)
cerebellar - hypermetria
proprioceptive/sensory/ataxia - wide bsae crossing over, swaying

8
Q

cerebellar ataxia

A

disease of cerebbellum or spinocerebellar tracts of the spinal cord

9
Q

step distance

A

distance between the 2 thoracic limbs or the pelvic limbs when both on the floor

10
Q

increases in step distance can indicate what

A

UMN lesions

11
Q

decreases in step distances can indicate what?

A

LMN lesion or pain

12
Q

2 engine gait

A

decreased step distance in the front (LMN) and increased step distance in the pelvic (UMN)

13
Q

paresis

A

weakness ata gait; partial loss of voluntary movement

14
Q

most common manifestations of paresis

A

slow shuffling gait, dragging, knuckling of the paw, collapse, falling, exercise intolerance, unable to support weight

15
Q

less common manifestations of paresis

A

difficulty rising, inability to jump, climb stairs, unable to maintain squatting position, decreased ROM, bunny hopping

16
Q

paraparesis

A

both pelvic limbs

17
Q

tetraparesis

A

weakness in all four limbs

18
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness in the thoracic and pelvic limbs on one side

19
Q

monoparesis

A

weakness in one limb

20
Q

plegic

A

no voluntary motor

21
Q

central cord syndrome

A

CP deficits in just the front limbs

22
Q

increased reflexes

A

UMN lesions

23
Q

decreased reflexes

A

LMN

24
Q

cutaneous trunci reflex - if there is a cutoff

A

lesion is 1-2 spinal cord segments cranial to cutoff

25
Q

cutaneous trunci reflex - if one side regardless of where you pinch

A

efferent problem on the side that doesn’t respond (C8-T1) cord segments and nerve roots, lateral thoracic nerve

26
Q

ptosis

A

droopy upper eyelid

27
Q

ventrolateral resting strabismus

A

CN 3 problem

28
Q

horners syndrom

A

miosis, elevated third eyelid, ptosis, enopthalmos (retracted eyeball)

29
Q

sympathetic neural pathway associated with horner’s syndrome

A

1st order cell body - hypothalamus
2nd order cell body (precanglionic T1-2 spinal cord segmetns
3rd order cell body (post ganglionic )

30
Q

structures innervated sympathetic system to the eye

A
dilator muscles of the puple
periorbital smooth muscles
third eyelid 
eyelid (mullersem uscle)
blood vessels within and around the eyes
31
Q

causes of miosis

A

increased parasymp tone
severe cerebrocorticol disease
decreased sympathetic syndrome

32
Q

causes of mydriasis

A
increased symp (phenylephrine
decreased parasymp tone (atropine)