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Kinesiology 2 > Lecture 3-Physical Biomechanics I > Flashcards

Lecture 3-Physical Biomechanics I Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanics

A

Deals with the analysis of forces acting on an object

The study of forces and their effects

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2
Q

Statics

A

The study of bodies at rest or at a constant velocity

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3
Q

Dynamics

A

The study of bodies moving at changing velocities

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4
Q

Kinematics

A

The study of motion (the Effect)

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5
Q

Kinetics

A

The study of forces that produce motion (the Cause)

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6
Q

Biomechanics

A

The application of mechanics to living creatures

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7
Q

Forces

A

Could be from internal or external sources

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8
Q

What are the most common forces produced by?

A 
Muscle
Gravity
Inertia
Buoyancy
Contact forces
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9
Q

What are examples of contact forces?

A 
Ground reaction force
Joint reaction force
Friction
Fluid resistance
Air
Water
Synovial fluid
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10
Q

Application of Biomechanics

A

ROM measurement
Research
Athletes
Therapeutic Exercise

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11
Q

Center of Gravity

A

A theoretical point which is the center of mass
A hypothetical point at which all mass would appear to be concentrated, and is the point at which the force of gravity would appear to act

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12
Q

Where is the center of gravity in homogenous objects?

A

In the middle, equal distant from the ends

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13
Q

Where is the center of gravity in non-homogenous objects?

A

Skewed towards the greater mass

4/9th rule

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14
Q

Base of support

A

The area that circumscribes contact with supporting surfaces

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15
Q

Stability

A

A relationship of the CG to the BOS

Stable when CG lined up over the BOS

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16
Q

What is the degree of stability dependent on?

A

Location of CG

Area of Base of Support

17
Q

What is the inverse relationship involved with stability

A

Increased Height of CG=Decreased stability

Decreased height of CG=increased stability

18
Q

What is the direct relationship of stability?

A

Increased BOS=Increased stability

Decreased BOS=decreased stability

19
Q

What are the mechanisms available for stability?

A 
Sensory mechano-receptors within skin
Stretch receptors in muscle
Visual system
Vestibular apparatus
Pressure receptors in skin
20
Q

What are the stages of motor control?

A

Mobility
Stability
Controlled mobility
Skill

21
Q

Why are the stages of motor control used?

A

To determine the rate of progression of functional tasks the patient will perform and with what degree of assistance/supervision

22
Q

Where is the CG in the full body?

A

Just anterior to S1-S2 (Males slightly higher than females

23
Q

Where is the CG in the head, arms, trunk?

A

Anterior to T10

24
Q

Where is the CG in the extremities?

A

4/9ths rule from proximal end

25
Q

What is Newton’s Law of inertia?

A

A body tends to remain at rest or in uniform motion until acted upon by an unbalanced set of forces

26
Q

What is Newton’s Law of Acceleration?

A

Acceleration of a body is proportional to the unbalanced set of forces acting upon it and is inversely proportional to the mass of the body
F=ma

27
Q

What is Newton’s Law of Reaction?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

28
Q

What is Rotary motion?

A

Movement about/around an axis
Clockwise +
Counterclockwise -

29
Q

What is translatory motion?

A

Movement in a linear fashion with in a plane

30
Q

What are factors characterizing a force?

A

Magnitude
Direction
Line of Application
Point of Application

31
Q

What are internal forces?

A

Joint hydrostatic properties
Swelling
Contractile elements
Connective tissue element

32
Q

What are external forces

A 
Gravity
Cuff weights
Theraband
P.T. manually applied resistance
Compressive forces of socket
33
Q

What are the six non rotary arthrokinematic components?

A 
Forward slide or glide
Backward slide
Longitudinal or axial distraction
Longitudinal or axial compression
Left lateral slide
Right lateral slide
34
Q

What are the six rotary osteokinematic components?

A 
Forward bend (flexion)
Backward bend (extension)
Left lateral bend
Right lateral bend
Left (axial) rotation
Right (axial) Rotation

Kinesiology 2 (12 decks)

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