Lecture 34 - Vertebrates II (Mammals)

Question 1

4 Derived Characteristics of Mammals

Answer 1

1. Differentiated teeth
2. Hair
3. Mammary glands
4. Proportionately large brain

Question 2

What are the 3 living lineages of mammals?

Answer 2

1. Marsupials
2. Monotremes
3. Eutherians

Question 3

Marsupials definition (EX:)

Answer 3

• embryo develops within placenta of mother’s uterus

- completed development in mother’s pouch (EX: kangaroo)

Question 4

Monotremes definition (EX)

Answer 4

-egg-laying mammals (EX: platypus)

Question 5

Eutherians definition (EX)

Answer 5

• most diverse mammalian group
• young complete development in uterus + born more developed
• EX: bats, carnivores, rodents etc.

Question 6

what are 3 basic eutherian characteristics?

Answer 6

1. Known as placenta mammals
2. Complete embryonic development in uterus, joined to mother more complex placenta with much more developed young at birth
3. 65 million year ancestor rodent-like animal

Question 7

Chiroptera

Answer 7

bats

Question 8

Chiroptera (defining characteristic)

Answer 8

only mammals that have evolved true flight

Question 9

Chiroptera (nutrition)

Answer 9

diverse ecology: feed on insect, nectar, fruit etc.

Question 10

What caused Ebola?

Answer 10

“Bushmeat”

Question 11

Sirenia

Answer 11

manatees and dugongs

Question 12

Sirenia (defining characteristic)

Answer 12

Only herbivore marine animals

Question 13

Which species of Sirenia is extinct?

Answer 13

steller’s sea cow

Question 14

Sirenia (3 characteristics)

Answer 14

• 4 species
• live in tropic areas
• all threatened/endangered

Question 15

Cetacea

Answer 15

whales/dolphins

Question 16

Odontoceti

Answer 16

toothed whales (orcas, dolphins)

Question 17

Mysticeti

Answer 17

baleen whales (largest animals that have ever lived)

Question 18

Cetacea (nutrition)

Answer 18

carnivores

Question 19

Which Cetacea is extinct?

Answer 19

Yangtze river dolphin functionally extinct since 1990s

Question 20

3 characteristics of Cetacea

Answer 20

1. Ancestors of modern whales were land mammals
2. Common ancestor with hippos
3. Many at risk or recovering species

Question 21

What is a common California whale?

Answer 21

grey whale

Question 22

Perissodactyla

Answer 22

(zebras, mules, horses etc)

Question 23

2 characteristics of Perissodactyla

Answer 23

1. Odd-toed herbivores
2. Rhinos going extinct due to habitat exploitation + poaching
   - Javan rhinos extinct in Vietnam

Question 24

Artiodactyla

Answer 24

hoofed animals EX: sheep, giraffes, antelope, pigs, deer, cattle etc.

Question 25

2 characteristics of Artiodactyla

Answer 25

1. Even-toed ungulates (carry weight on 3rd and 4th toe)

2. Herbivorous economically important

Question 26

Rodentia

Answer 26

rodents

Question 27

2 characteristics of Rodentia

Answer 27

1. Incisors that grow constantly

2. Make up ½ of mammal species

Question 28

Carnivora

Answer 28

dogs, cats, bears, weasels

Question 29

3 characteristics of Carnivora

Answer 29

1. Carnivores
2. 280 species with many in decline
3. bag cats decreasing very quickly

Question 30

Provosia

Answer 30

elephants

Question 31

2 characteristics of Provosia

Answer 31

1. extinct in 12 years due to ivory trade

2. African and Asian elephants are sole survivors of a once diverse group

Question 32

We are currently living through the ___________ event in Earth’s history

Answer 32

6th mass extinction