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ObGyn Lecture > Lecture 4- Embryology and Puberty > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Embryology and Puberty Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of bony pelvis?

A

Gynecoid (round)

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2
Q

Where do the majority of structures from the GU tract come from?

A

Mesoderm (middle layer)

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3
Q

During what week do the urogenital ridges form from the mesoderm?

A

4th week

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4
Q

What do the urogenital ridges form?

A

Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina

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5
Q

What do the external genitalia develop from?

A

Genital swellings in the pelvic region

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6
Q

By what week are gonads structurally male or female?

A

7 weeks

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7
Q

What are the two pairs of genital ducts?

A

Mesonephric (wolffian)

Paramesonephric (mullerian)

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8
Q

In the female, which ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper 1/3 of the vagina?

A

Paramesonephric (mullerian)

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9
Q

What structure forms the lower portion of the vagina?

A

Vaginal plate

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10
Q

What forms the vaginal plate?

A

Paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts merge with the urogenital sinus

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11
Q

What is formed from the caudal end of the hindgut?

A

Cloaca

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12
Q

In females, what forms into the clitoris, the unfused urogenital folds from the labia minora and the labioscrotal swellings.

A

Genital tubercles

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13
Q

These all make up what:
labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibule and the ducts of the Skene and Bartholin glands which open into the vestibule.

A

The vulva

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14
Q

What is the the area between the thighs and the buttocks extending from the coccyx to the pubis.

A

Perineum

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15
Q

What type cells line the vagina?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What is visible inside the vagina?

A

External cervical os

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17
Q

Which ligament contains the arteries, veins, and ureters?

A

Broad ligament

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18
Q

Where is the area where the fallopian (uterine) tubes enter?

A

Cornu

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19
Q

what are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Inner- endometrium (what sheds)
Middle- myometrium
Outer- Perimetrium

20
Q

What are the three portions of the fallopian tubes?

A

Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum (have fimbriae)

21
Q

In fallopian tubes, epithelial lining is _______ to facilitate transport.

A

ciliated

22
Q

With Mullerian ageneisis, there is an absence of what?

A

Uterus, can also have vaginal abnormalities

23
Q

What occurs when inferior parts of the mullerian ducts do not fuse?

A

Double uterus, uterine didelphys.

Double or single vagina

24
Q

Reminants of the menophric ducts may persist and manifest as what?

A

Gartner cysts- located along vaginal wall or within broad ligament

25
Q

When do adrenarchy occur?

A

At approximately 6-8 years of age.

26
Q

What is the word for breast development?

A

Thelarchy

27
Q

What is the sequence of puberty?

A

Growth acceleration
Thelarchy
Pubarche
Menarche and ovulation

28
Q

What is the onset of sexual characteristics prior to age 6 in African-Americans and age 7 in Caucasians.

A

Precocious puberty

29
Q

What are some causes of GnRH dependent precocious puberty?

A

Idiopathic
CNS infection/ inflammation
CNS injury

30
Q

What are some GnRH independent causes of precocious puberty?

A 
Exogenous sex steroids administration
Primary hypothyroidism
Ovarian tumors
Simple Ovarian cyst
McCune- Albright Syndrome
31
Q

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty with an elevated FSH?

A

Turner Syndrome

32
Q

When FSH + LH is <10 what type of delayed puberty is indicated?

A

Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

33
Q

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty?

A

Constitutional Delay

34
Q

What is a syndrome with no GnRH secretion?

A

Kallman Syndrome

35
Q

What is the most common tumor associated with delayed puberty?

A

Craniopharyngioma

36
Q

What are 3 anatomic causes of abnormal pubertal development?

A

Mullerian agenesis
Imperforate hymen
Transverse vaginal septum

37
Q

What is where menstruation occurs at the normal time but blood can’t exit due to obstruction.

A

Hematocolpos

38
Q

Which ducts develop into the male epididymis, ductus defrens and ejaculatory ducts?

A

Mesonephric ducts

39
Q

WHich ducts disappear in the female embryo?

A

Mesonephric ducts

40
Q

What ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portions of the vagina?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

41
Q

What gives rise to the lower parts of the vagina?

A

The vaginal plate

42
Q

What is the cervical opening to the vagina?

A

External os

43
Q

What is congenital absence of the ovaries and what syndrome is it common in?

A

Ovarian dysgensis; Turner syndrome

44
Q

What is the term for a double uterus?

A

Usterus didelphys

45
Q

What type uterus results when lack of fusion is limited to the superior portion of the uterine body?

A

Bicornuate uterus

46
Q

What cause a Garner duct cyst?

A

Reminants of the mesonephric ducts

ObGyn Lecture (21 decks)

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