Lecture 7 - Differential Dx and Rehab Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 7 - Differential Dx and Rehab Deck (21)
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1
Q

Define differential diagnosis

A

The distinguishing of a disease or condition from others presenting similar symptoms.

2
Q

What is differential diagnosis used for?

A

Is used to differentiate between one or more conditions, diseases or injuries

3
Q

Why is differential diagnosis important?

A

Effective treatment requires specificity and accuracy in diagnosis
Achieved through:
-Comparison and contrasting of patient’s S and S
-What is the difference b/w a sign and a symptom?
-Sign = Objective = AT
-Symptom = Subjective = Patient

4
Q

How do we achieve a differential diagnosis?

A
May involve a combo of:
Clinical diagnosis
-Based on signs and symptoms
Physical diagnosis
-Based on physical examination
Pathological diagnosis
-Microscopic
Provocative diagnosis
-Induce the S/S
Laboratory diagnosis
-Diagnostic imaging
5
Q

How do we perform a differential diagnosis?

A

Clinician must have a working knowledge of pathology and the process of tissue healing

6
Q

Differential Dx - red flags (Pain)

A
Pain:
Diffuse
Not altered by movement
Intensifies with ↑s in intrathecal pressure
Intensifies with ↑ intra-abdominal pressure
Pain that is altered after eating
Pain at rest
Psychological factors
Bone pain
Pain that ↑s with exertion
7
Q

Differential Dx - red flags (Swelling)

A

Swelling w/o trauma
Enlarged or swollen lymph nodes
Several joints swollen or painful with insidious onset

8
Q

Differential Dx - Red flags (Genitourinary)

A
Any abnormal urinary constituents :
Blood 
-urinary tract infection 
kidney contusion
Color 
-dark can indicate liver problems
Amount 
-small amounts  
-lower urinary tract obstruction
Proteinuria 
-sign of renal impairment
Frequency/excessive urination
-diabetes 
-cystitis 
-prostatitis
Incontinence  
-urological problem
-gynecological problem
-psychological problem
-neurological problem
9
Q

Differential Dx - Red flag (Gastrointestinal Tract)

A
Dramatic wt loss :
cancer
diabetes
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism 
depression 
anorexia

Changes in appetite :
depression
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism

Diarrhea:
ulcerative colitis
IBS

Constipation: 
neurogenic
muscular
mechanical
drug 
diet
10
Q

Differential Dx - Red flags (general health)

A

Fever
with back, shoulder, hip, SI, groin pain of unknown origin is serious

Fatigue

Depression

Weakness with an insidious onset

11
Q

Differential Dx - Red flags (Day or night sweats)

A

Autonomic Nervous System problem

Menopausal symptom

Hormonal imbalances

12
Q

what components make up the CNS?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

13
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS? Describe them.

A

Somatic NS

  • Coordinating body movement
  • Regulates activities that are under conscious control

Autonomic NS

  • Maintains homeostatis
  • Sympathetic Division
  • Parasympathetic Division
  • Enteric (GI System)
14
Q

Describe the divisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic NS
Responds to impending danger or stress
Fight or flight
Increase HR, BP, adrenaline

Parasympathetic NS
Rest and relax
Constriction of pupils, slowing of heart, blood vessel dilation, stimulation of digestive and GI systems

Enteric NS (AKA Intrinsic NS)
Manage every aspect of digestion
Esophagus to stomach, small intestine and colon
15
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (Tingling and numbness)

A

Neurogenic origin

Circulatory origin

16
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (Headaches)

A
Hepatitis
Brain tumors
Lyme Disease
Bull’s eye rash
Muscle Tension
Vascular
17
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (Emergency Referral)

A
Cardiac Signs
Anaphylactic Shock
Bowel / bladder / incontinence 
Saddle area problem
Diabetic 
Mental confusion
18
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (General Referral Women)

A

Low back, hip, pelvis, groin, or SI symptoms with insidious onset or constitutional symptoms

Symptoms with menses

Chest, breast, axillary or shoulder pain without cause or with a medical history of cancer
Self or family

Bone pain on weight bearing pain that lasts longer than one week, worse at night

19
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (Cancer)

A

Any patient with Hx of cancer complaining of vague MSK pain should be referred to rule out metastasis

Especially in the age group of 50-75

Prostate, colon
lumbar
sacral pain

Lung, breast
cervical
thoracic pain

There will be other S&S
malaise
wt loss
chronic area dysfunction

20
Q

Differential Dx - Red Flags (Infection)

A

Infection of the intervertebral disc post Sx

Inflamed joint with abrasion near by

Inflammation that will not settle down

Discharge from the area

21
Q

Assesment and interpretation: Suspicious symptoms during history

A
Insidious onset
Multiple joint problems 
-RA 
-Lupus 
-Gout
Fever, chills, nausea, wt loss
Change in normal body function
-Bowel or Bladder
Night pain or pain at rest
Pain getting worse without cause
Pain does not change with movement
Symptoms can not be reproduced
-Functional or special tests