Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Visual navigation cues

A

Landmarks
Navigating by stars
Using the sun as a compass
Polarised light

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2
Q

Non visual navigation cues

A
Magnetoreception
Olfaction 
Wind and ocean currents
Genetic cues
Infrasound
Auditory cues
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3
Q

Migration

A

Oriented, long-distance, seasonal movement of individuals (Able, 1980)
Persistent form of locomotion that is direct, straight and unwavering
Movement of much longer duration than seen in day-to-day activities
Seasonal movement, where different environmental endpoints serve different functions
Movement that results in the spatial redistribution of a population (Taylor, 1986)

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4
Q

Benefits of migration

A

Reduced predation
Avoid adverse climatic conditions
Access to higher quality food
Access to mates

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5
Q

Costs of migration

A

Increased energy expenditure
Exposure to severe weather
Increased predation
Competition of territories

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6
Q

Endogenous control (of migration)

A

Arising from factors that originate within the animal, and rather little on learning (Gwinner, 1972)
Birds build up fat deposits before migration
Become restless if prevented from migrating
Berthold (1998) called these endogenous circannual rhythms

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7
Q

What bird species was used to show that migratory behaviour has a strong genetic component?

A
Black cap (Sylvia atricapilla)
Berthold et al. 1990
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8
Q

Chemical cues: salmon

A

Use chemical signals to migrate back to their natal streams
Anadromous
Streams have unique chemical odour
Juvenile salmon IMPRINTED chemically on home stream

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9
Q

Using sun as compass

A

Known as ephemeris function: must have a stored representation of how sun moves across sky at the current location and season

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10
Q

How do birds orientate?

A

With a magnetic compass calibrated daily from twilight cues

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