Lecture Thirteen - Protected Areas and In situ Conservation Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture Thirteen - Protected Areas and In situ Conservation Deck (35)
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1
Q

What is ex situ conservation?

A

Conserving species away from geographic ranges, e.g. in zoos.

2
Q

What is in situ conservation?

A

Conserving biodiversity within its natural geographic range.

3
Q

What is the main objective or purpose of a Strict Nature Reserve?

A

Managed mainly for science.

Level of human contact should remain absolutely minimal.

4
Q

What is the main objective or purpose of a Wilderness Area?

A

Managed mainly to protect wilderness qualities.

Provide wider ecosystem functions such as storage of carbon or cycling of nutrients.

5
Q

Give an example of a Strict Nature Reserve.

A

Aldabra, Seychelles

Supports giant tortoise and coral reefs.

6
Q

Give an example of a Wilderness Area.

A

Sawtooth Wilderness, Idaho

7
Q

What is the main function of a National Park?

A

Large areas of outstanding scenic and natural beauty used by recreation by human population.

8
Q

Give an example of a Natural Monument.

A

Machu Picchu, Peru

9
Q

What is the role of a Natural Monument?

A

To provide important historical and cultural value.

10
Q

Give a problem with mammal conservation in protected areas.

A
  • PAs are too small

- Large mammals have large home ranges, and need area of habitat big enough to sustain these.

11
Q

What is the problem with the land use of protected areas?

A

Placed in nations where land is cheaper and there are infertile soils unavailable for agriculture, with no planned used for industry or infrastructure, in stead of based on nature value.

12
Q

What are paper parks?

A

Parks that are poorly managed or protected.

13
Q

What can be said about most sites of scientific interest in the UK?

A

They are very small

14
Q

Why should we conserve the broadest variety of habitats?

A

Because it will conserve the broadest variety of species.

15
Q

What were the 2010 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

A
  • At least 10% of the world’s ecological regions effectively conserved.
  • Areas of particular importance to biodiversity protected.
16
Q

In stead of focusing on countries for protected areas, what should we focus on?

A

Ecoregions

17
Q

What are ecoregions?

A

Large areas of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural and interacting communities sharing similar species, environmental conditions.

18
Q

How many terrestrial ecoregions are there across the globe?

A

25

19
Q

How many freshwater ecoregions are proposed?

A

450

20
Q

How many marine ecoregions are currently under development?

A

230

21
Q

Why are there so many freshwater ecoregions?

A

Because freshwater habitats differ in many ways.

22
Q

What are Olsen’s Global 200 Ecoregions?

A

The 200 most biological distinct ecological regions in the world.

23
Q

What is the proactive approach to protection?

A

Protecting an intact/pristine area.

24
Q

What is the reactive approach to protection?

A

Protecting an area that is vulnerable to human activity.

25
Q

What is the irreplaceable approach to protection?

A

Protecting an area of high or unique biodiversity.

26
Q

What kind of approach is required for biodiversity hotspots and crisis ecoregions?

A

Reactive approaches.

27
Q

How is a biodiversity hotspot chosen?

A
  • Looked at the biodiversity of threatened vertebrates
  • Choose part of the world that would give biggest coverage of threatened species with minimal area of protected landscape
28
Q

What percentage of the global land surface is biodiversity hotspot?

A

1.4%

29
Q

What percentage of species from the following groups are confined to biodiversity hotspots?

a) Plants
b) Vertebrates

A

a) Plants = 44%

b) Vertebrates = 35%

30
Q

What were Brummit’s opinions on hotspots?

A

They are based on a limited number of taxa.

31
Q

What can be said about the proactive and reactive approaches of biodiversity hotspots?

A

There is little overlap

32
Q

What percentage of the Amazon rainforest has been lost since the 1990s?

A

30%

33
Q

How many countries contain 70% of biodiversity?

A

12

34
Q

What do megadiversity countries have in common?

A
  • Large

- Mostly tropical

35
Q

What percentage of land is now classed as Protected Areas?

A

Over 12%