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Russia - T2 > Lenin, 1918-21 > Flashcards

Lenin, 1918-21 Flashcards

1
Q

What were Lenin’s 4 economic objectives?

A
  1. Modernisation
  2. Consolidation - economic stability to hold on to power
  3. Military victory
  4. Destroy capitalism - destroy inequality
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2
Q

What were Lenin’s 3 economic polices?

A
  1. State capitalism
  2. War Communism
  3. NEP
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3
Q

When did Lenin introduce State Capitalism?

A

March 1918

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4
Q

What did State Capitalism entail?

A
  • nationalisation of large industries.

- control of nationalised industries centralised by the Vesenkha

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5
Q

What was the Veshenkha?

A

Body in charge of the nationalised industries under State Capitalism

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6
Q

Why did Lenin introduce State Capitalism?

A
  1. Felt economy was not ready for socialism

2. Wanted to improve efficiency

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7
Q

When did Lenin introduce War Communism?

A

1918 (start of the Civil War)

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8
Q

Why did Lenin introduce War Communism?

A

to win the civil war

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9
Q

What did War Communism entail?

A
  1. Nationalisation of all industry
  2. Food dictatorship
  3. Labour discipline
  4. Abolition of the market
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10
Q

War Communism

What was the food dictatorship?

A
  • free market in food was abolished
  • grain requisitioning
  • food rationed by the Supply Commissariat
    (soldiers with the most food, bourgeoisie with the least)
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11
Q

War Communism

What was labour discipline?

A
  • 11 hour working day

- compulsory work for able bodied men between 16 and 50

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12
Q

War Communism

What was the abolition of the market?

A
  • money became worthless because of hyperinflation, and was then formally abolished
  • private trade made illegal
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13
Q

What were the main consequences of War Communism?

A

ECONOMIC CRISIS !!

  1. low productivity - workers not rewarded for their labour
  2. famine in the countryside from grain requisitioning
  3. workers fled cities in search of food
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14
Q

Evidence of;

War Communism causing famine in the countryside

A
  • 1921 harvest was 46% of the 1913 harvest

- 6 million people died of starvation in rural areas in 1921

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15
Q

Evidence of;

War Communism causing workers fleeing cities to search for food.

A
  • industrial workforce declined from 2.6 million in 1917 to 1.2 million in 1921.
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16
Q

When was the NEP introduced?

A

1921

17
Q

What did the NEP entail?

A
  1. Farming left to the free market
  2. Small factories denationalised
  3. Large factories and major industries remained nationalised
18
Q

Why did Lenin introduce the NEP?

A
  1. to retain political power
  2. to revive the economy + end famine
  3. generate wealth to industrialise and modernise
19
Q

What were the 6 consequences of the NEP?

A
  1. Recovery of agriculture
  2. Slow recovery of industry
  3. Scissor Crisis
  4. Inequality (NEP men) + Corruption
  5. Political Stability
  6. Divisions in the Party
20
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Recovery of agriculture

A
  • ending of grain requisitioning popular

- free trade = incentive to produce more grain = ending of famine

21
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Slow recovery of industry

A
  • major electrification campaign by Lenin provided some revival
  • recovery was still slow
22
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Explain the scissor crisis

ADD TO THIS!!!!

A
  1. Agriculture recovered more quickly than industry
  2. This imbalance meant a fall in agriculture prices, and a rise in industrial prices.
  3. This meant that industrial goods were too expensive for peasants
23
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Inequality and corruption

A
  • NEP men = travelled selling desirable goods became very rich
  • gambling and prostitution became widespread
24
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Political stability

A
  • Grain requisitioning = popular with peasants = began to support regime
  • ending of famine = increased living standards
25
Q

Consequences of the NEP

Divisions within the party

A

right wing = SUPPORT, necessary transitional stage
left wing = OPPOSE e.g Trotskey, problems of capitalism re-emerged and was a backward step
centre = SUPPORT, helping to rebuild economy

Russia - T2 (4 decks)

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