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Flashcards in LOWER EXTREMITY EXAM Deck (27)
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1
Q

INSPECTION

A
- evidence of local trauma
⦁	abrasions
⦁	contusions
⦁	lacerations
- landmark position
- erythema
- effusion
- atrophy
- asymmetry
- ambulation / gait
- limb length discrepancy
2
Q

6 ROM PLANES

A
⦁	flexion
⦁	extension
⦁	abduction
⦁	adduction
⦁	internal rotation
⦁	external rotation
3
Q

HIP FLEXION MUSCLES

A
⦁	anterior muscles
⦁	iliopsoas
⦁	rectus femoris
⦁	sartorius
⦁	pectineus
4
Q

HIP EXTENSION MUSCLES

A

⦁ posterior muscles
⦁ gluteus maximus
⦁ hamstrings
⦁ adductor magnus

5
Q

HIP ABDUCTION MUSCLES

A

⦁ gluteus medius
⦁ gluteus minimus
⦁ tensor fascia lata

6
Q

HIP ADDUCTION MUSCLES

A

⦁ adductor longus / brevis / magnus

⦁ gracilis, pectineus, obturator externus

7
Q

HIP INTERNAL ROTATION MUSCLES

A

⦁ gluteus medius
⦁ gluteus minimus
⦁ tensor fascia lata

8
Q

HIP EXTERNAL ROTATION MUSCLES

A
⦁	obturator externus / internus / superior / inferior
⦁	gemelli
⦁	piriformis
⦁	quadratus femorus
⦁	gluteus maximus
9
Q

FAdAxL

A

Labral injury (flex, adduct, axial load)

10
Q

FAbER

A

SI joint (flex, abduct, external rotation)

11
Q

FAIR

A

Piriformis (flex, add, IR)

12
Q

FAdIR

A

FAI (flex, add, IR)

13
Q

modified Thomas test

A

supine and pull knee to chest with other leg straight

  • tests iliopsoas & quadriceps muscles
14
Q

ober’s test

A

IT band

15
Q

tests for hip flexibility

A
  • Modified Thomas Test = bringing knee to chest while laying supine - tests flexibility of iliopsoas and quadriceps muscles
  • Ober’s Test = patient lateral, bend superior leg and raise till knee is downward, leg is up - tests the IT band

Popliteal angle

16
Q

varus vs valgus

A

valgus = knock knees (feet apart, knees together) - tests the MCL

varus = bow legged (knees apart, feet together) - tests the LCL

17
Q

KNEE LIGAMENT ROLES

A

The medial collateral ligament (MCL) prevents the knee from buckling inwards (valgus injury)

The lateral collateral ligament (LCL) prevents the knee from buckling outwards (varus injury)

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prevents the tibia from sliding forward under the femur

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) prevents the tibial from sliding backward under the femur

18
Q

NEUROVASCULAR ASSESSMENT - 5Ps

A
⦁	Pain
⦁	Pulse
⦁	Pallor
⦁	Paresthesias
⦁	Paralysis
19
Q

pedal pulses

A
  • dorsalis pedis
  • posterior tibial
  • anterior tibial
  • peroneal

also remember to evaluate skin color, cap refill, hair growth, temperature

**if you can’t find a pedal pulse = use DOPPLER!!

20
Q
PERONEAL NERVE
(sensation & motor function)
A

⦁ sensation = palpation of dorsal surface of foot

⦁ motor function = ability to dorsiflex ankle and toes

21
Q
TIBIAL NERVE 
(sensation & motor function)
A

⦁ sensation = plantar surface of foot

⦁ motor function = plantar flexion of ankle and toes

22
Q

Mulder’s Sign = for

A

Morton’s Neuroma

Mulder’s Sign = squeeze foot at 1st and 5th metatarsal heads. positive = symptoms or a palpable click

23
Q

anterior drawer test (ankle) = tests for

A

ATFL instability - frequently injured during inversion ankle sprain

24
Q

talar tilt test = tests for

A

tests the lateral ligaments of the ankle

shifting ankle side to side - testing for deltoid / calcaneofibular and ATFL instability

25
Q

peroneal tendon instability test

A

Place downward and medial force on the ankle and have the patient plantarflex/dorsiflex the ankle. Look for/feel for peroneal tendon subluxation over the lateral malleolus.

26
Q

homan’s test

A

for DVT; patient supine; hold on to patients thigh. grab foot and firmly/abruptly dorsiflex the foot –> deep calf pain = positive Homan’s sign

27
Q

Thompson test

A

for achilles tendon rupture;

pt prone - squeeze gastroc - normal = pt has slight plantar flexion. No response = achilles tendon not intact